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Efficacy of Different Encapsulation Techniques on the Viability and Stability of Diverse Phage under Simulated Gastric Conditions

Dlamini, Sicelo B.; Gigante, Adriano M.; Hooton, Steven P. T.; Atterbury, Robert J.

Efficacy of Different Encapsulation Techniques on the Viability and Stability of Diverse Phage under Simulated Gastric Conditions Thumbnail


Authors

Sicelo B. Dlamini

Steven P. T. Hooton



Abstract

Salmonella causes a range of diseases in humans and livestock of considerable public health and economic importance. Widespread antimicrobial use, particularly in intensively produced livestock (e.g., poultry and pigs) may contribute to the rise of multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains. Alternative treatments such as bacteriophages have shown promise when used to reduce the intestinal carriage of Salmonella in livestock. However, the digestive enzymes and low pH encountered in the monogastric GI tract can significantly reduce phage viability and impact therapeutic outcomes. This study deployed alginate–carrageenan microcapsules with and without CaCO3 to protect a genomically diverse set of five Salmonella bacteriophages from simulated gastrointestinal conditions. None of the unprotected phage could be recovered following exposure to pH < 3 for 10 min. Alginate–carrageenan encapsulation improved phage viability at pH 2–2.5 after exposure for 10 min, but not at pH 2 after 1 h. Including 1% (w/v) CaCO3 in the formulation further reduced phage loss to <0.5 log10 PFU/mL, even after 1 h at pH 2. In all cases, phage were efficiently released from the microcapsules following a shift to a neutral pH (7.5), simulating passage to the duodenum. In summary, alginate–carrageenan-CaCO3 encapsulation is a promising approach for targeted intestinal delivery of genomically diverse Salmonella bacteriophages.

Citation

Dlamini, S. B., Gigante, A. M., Hooton, S. P. T., & Atterbury, R. J. (2023). Efficacy of Different Encapsulation Techniques on the Viability and Stability of Diverse Phage under Simulated Gastric Conditions. Microorganisms, 11(10), Article 2389. https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102389

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Sep 15, 2023
Online Publication Date Sep 25, 2023
Publication Date Sep 25, 2023
Deposit Date Oct 9, 2023
Publicly Available Date Oct 13, 2023
Journal Microorganisms
Electronic ISSN 2076-2607
Publisher MDPI
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 11
Issue 10
Article Number 2389
DOI https://doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms11102389
Keywords bacteriophage, biocontrol, antimicrobial resistance, monogastric, feed, pig, microcapsules, encapsulation, poultry
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/25802966
Publisher URL https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/11/10/2389

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