Heating efficiency of Gd- and Co-doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles measured by AC magnetometer for magnetic-mediated hyperthermia

Lemine, O.M.; El-Boubbou, Kheireddine; Orue, Inaki; Ángel García, José; Elansary, M.; Ali, Rizwan; El Mir, L.; Henini, M.

Abstract

Most research groups, including us, utilize calorimetric methods to determine the heat dissipation by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) under an alternating magnetic field (AMF). Herein, we report the heating efficiencies of γ-Fe2O3 and doped γ-Fe2O3 NPs using AC magnetometry, which allows us to directly calculate the AC hysteresis loop area from which the heating abilities can be deduced. First, all NPs were prepared and thoroughly characterized both structurally (XRD, Rietveld, and TEM) and magnetically (DC and AC magnetization measurements). Structural analysis indicated the phase purity (γ-Fe2O3) and crystallite sizes (∼10 nm) of the as-prepared γ-Fe2O3 NPs. Both DC and AC measurements indicated the superparamagnetic behavior for γ-Fe2O3 and Gd-doped γ-Fe2O3(Gd-5%) NPs, while Co-doped γ-Fe2O3(Co-5%) NPs exhibited ferrimagnetic nature. The heating abilities and specific absorption rate (SAR) values were then analyzed at frequency, f = 132 kHz and several AC field amplitudes (µ0HAC) ranging from 0 to 88 mT. From AC magnetometry calculations, the SAR values were found to be 20 W/g and 17 W/g for γ-Fe2O3 and γ-Fe2O3(Gd-5%) NPs, respectively, while that of γ-Fe2O3(Co-5%) NPs reached SAR of 120 W/g, almost 6 times higher. This high heating efficiency of γ-Fe2O3(Co-5%) sample is attributed to their higher effective anisotropy and saturation magnetization where the heat release is mainly dominated by Neel relaxation. Finally, a viability assay against metastatic breast cancer cells was conducted, indicating the biocompatibility and low toxicity of the as-synthesized γ-Fe2O3 and doped γ-Fe2O3 NPs. These results strongly suggest the promising utilization of γ-Fe2O3 NPs, particularly Co-doped, as a potential candidate for magnetic-mediated hyperthermia.

Citation

Lemine, O., El-Boubbou, K., Orue, I., Ángel García, J., Elansary, M., Ali, R., …Henini, M. (2023). Heating efficiency of Gd- and Co-doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles measured by AC magnetometer for magnetic-mediated hyperthermia. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, 587, Article 171279. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171279

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 18, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Sep 21, 2023
• Publication Date: Dec 1, 2023
• Deposit Date: Sep 24, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 22, 2024
• Journal: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
• Print ISSN: 0304-8853
• Electronic ISSN: 1873-4766
• Publisher: Elsevier BV
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 587
• Article Number: 171279
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171279
• Keywords: Magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH); γ-Fe2O3; AC magnetometry; DC magnetometry; MNPs; SAR
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/25373264
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0304885323009290?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Heating efficiency of Gd- and Co-doped γ-Fe2O3 nanoparticles measured by AC magnetometer for magnetic-mediated hyperthermia; Journal Title: Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2023.171279; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.