Carotid plaque hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging strongly predicts recurrent ischemia and stroke

Hosseini, Akram A.; Kandiyi, Neghal; MacSweeney, Shane T. S.; Altaf, Nishath; Auer, Dorothee P.

Abstract

Objective
There is a recognized need to improve selection of patients with carotid artery stenosis for carotid endarterectomy (CEA). We assessed the value of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-defined carotid plaque hemorrhage (MRIPH) to predict recurrent ipsilateral cerebral ischemic events, and stroke in symptomatic carotid stenosis.

Methods
One hundred seventy-nine symptomatic patients with ≥50% stenosis were prospectively recruited, underwent carotid MRI, and were clinically followed up until CEA, death, or ischemic event. MRIPH was diagnosed if the plaque signal intensity was >150% that of the adjacent muscle. Event-free survival analysis was done using Kaplan–Meier plots and Cox regression models controlling for known vascular risk factors. We also undertook a meta-analysis of reported data on MRIPH and recurrent events.

Results
One hundred fourteen patients (63.7%) showed MRIPH, suffering 92% (57 of 62) of all recurrent ipsilateral events and all but 1 (25 of 26) future strokes. Patients without MRIPH had an estimated annual absolute stroke risk of only 0.6%. Cox multivariate regression analysis proved MRIPH as a strong predictor of recurrent ischemic events (hazard ratio [HR] = 12.0, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 4.8–30.1, p < 0.001) and stroke alone (HR = 35.0, 95% CI = 4.7–261.6, p = 0.001). Meta-analysis of published data confirmed this association between MRIPH and recurrent cerebral ischemic events in symptomatic carotid artery stenosis (odds ratio = 12.2, 95% CI = 5.5–27.1, p < 0.00001).

Interpretation
MRIPH independently and strongly predicts recurrent ipsilateral ischemic events, and stroke alone, in symptomatic ≥50% carotid artery stenosis. The very low stroke risk in patients without MRIPH puts into question current risk–benefit assessment for CEA in this subgroup.

Citation

Hosseini, A. A., Kandiyi, N., MacSweeney, S. T. S., Altaf, N., & Auer, D. P. (2013). Carotid plaque hemorrhage on magnetic resonance imaging strongly predicts recurrent ischemia and stroke. Annals of Neurology, 73(6), https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23876

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Publication Date: Jun 1, 2013
• Deposit Date: Mar 27, 2014
• Publicly Available Date: Mar 27, 2014
• Journal: Annals of Neurology
• Print ISSN: 0364-5134
• Electronic ISSN: 1531-8249
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 73
• Issue: 6
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ana.23876
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1001997
• Publisher URL: http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/ana.23876/abstract