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TwoDCA: A 2-Dimensional Dendritic Cell Algorithm with Dynamic Cell Migration (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Greensmith, J., & Yang, L. (2022, July). TwoDCA: A 2-Dimensional Dendritic Cell Algorithm with Dynamic Cell Migration. Presented at 2022 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Padua, Italy

The Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) is a multi-agent artificial immune system designed for anomaly detection. The algorithm is composed of artificial dendritic cell agents that process timestamped stream data. The lifespan of a cell agent is determine... Read More about TwoDCA: A 2-Dimensional Dendritic Cell Algorithm with Dynamic Cell Migration.

Necrotic Behavioral Control of Agent Behavior in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Saunders, A., Ashlock, D., & Greensmith, J. (2021, June). Necrotic Behavioral Control of Agent Behavior in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma. Presented at 2021 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Kraków, Poland

As the Covid-19 pandemic of 2020 illustrates, controlling the behavior of social agents is a difficult problem. This study examines the potential for an immune-inspired technique called necrosis to steer the behavior of agent populations that are evo... Read More about Necrotic Behavioral Control of Agent Behavior in the Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemma.

The Functional Dendritic Cell Algorithm: A formal specification with Haskell (2017)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Greensmith, J., & Gale, M. B. (2017, June). The Functional Dendritic Cell Algorithm: A formal specification with Haskell. Presented at 2017 IEEE Congress on Evolutionary Computation (CEC), Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain

The Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) has been described in a number of different ways, sometimes resulting in incorrect implementations. We believe this is due to previous, imprecise attempts to describe the algorithm. The main contribution of this pap... Read More about The Functional Dendritic Cell Algorithm: A formal specification with Haskell.

Exploiting the Plasticity of Primary and Secondary Response Mechanisms in Artificial Immune Systems (2016)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Greensmith, J., Jackson, A. M., & Spendlove, I. (2016, July). Exploiting the Plasticity of Primary and Secondary Response Mechanisms in Artificial Immune Systems. Presented at GECCO '16 Companion 2016 on Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference Companion, Denver, Colorado, USA

One of the key properties of the human immune system is to detect the presence of pathogens, and as such there are numberous immune algorithm which perform anomaly detection and pattern recognition. An additional facet of the human immune system is t... Read More about Exploiting the Plasticity of Primary and Secondary Response Mechanisms in Artificial Immune Systems.

Stromal fibroblasts support dendritic cells to maintain IL-23/Th17 responses after exposure to ionizing radiation (2016)
Journal Article
Malecka, A., Wang, O., Shah, S., Sutavani, R. V., Spendlove, I., Ramage, J. M., Greensmith, J., Franks, H. A., Gough, M. J., Saalbach, A., Patel, P. M., & Jackson, A. M. (2016). Stromal fibroblasts support dendritic cells to maintain IL-23/Th17 responses after exposure to ionizing radiation. Journal of Leukocyte Biology, 100(2), 381-389. https://doi.org/10.1189/jlb.3A1015-474R

Dendritic cell function is modulated by stromal cells, including fibroblasts. Although poorly understood, the signals delivered through this crosstalk substantially alter dendritic cell biology. This is well illustrated with release of TNF-0/IL-113 f... Read More about Stromal fibroblasts support dendritic cells to maintain IL-23/Th17 responses after exposure to ionizing radiation.

Theoretical formulation and analysis of the deterministic dendritic cell algorithm (2013)
Journal Article
Gu, F., Greensmith, J., & Aickelin, U. (2013). Theoretical formulation and analysis of the deterministic dendritic cell algorithm. BioSystems, 111(2), 127-135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biosystems.2013.01.001

As one of the emerging algorithms in the field of artificial immune systems (AIS), the dendritic cell algorithm (DCA) has been successfully applied to a number of challenging real-world problems. However, one criticism is the lack of a formal definit... Read More about Theoretical formulation and analysis of the deterministic dendritic cell algorithm.

The dendritic cell algorithm for intrusion detection (2012)
Book Chapter
Gu, F., Greensmith, J., & Aickelin, U. (2012). The dendritic cell algorithm for intrusion detection. In P. Lio, & D. Verma (Eds.), Biologically inspired networking and sensing : algorithms and architectures. IGI Global

As one of the solutions to intrusion detection problems, Artificial Immune Systems (AIS) have shown their advantages. Unlike genetic algorithms, there is no one archetypal AIS, instead there are four major paradigms. Among them, the Dendritic Cell Al... Read More about The dendritic cell algorithm for intrusion detection.

A beginner's guide to systems simulation in immunology (2012)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Figueredo, G. P., Siebers, P.-O., Aickelin, U., & Foan, S. (2012, August). A beginner's guide to systems simulation in immunology. Presented at 11th International Conference, ICARIS 2012, Taormina, Italy

Some common systems modelling and simulation approaches for immune problems are Monte Carlo simulations, system dynamics, discrete-event simulation and agent-based simulation. These methods, however, are still not widely adopted in immunology researc... Read More about A beginner's guide to systems simulation in immunology.

Quiet in class: classification, noise and the dendritic cell algorithm (2011)
Journal Article
Gu, F., Feyereisl, J., Oates, R., Reps, J., Greensmith, J., & Aickelin, U. (2011). Quiet in class: classification, noise and the dendritic cell algorithm. Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence, 6825, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-22371-6_17

Theoretical analyses of the Dendritic Cell Algorithm (DCA) have yielded several criticisms about its underlying structure and operation. As a result, several alterations and fixes have been suggested in the literature to correct for these findings. A... Read More about Quiet in class: classification, noise and the dendritic cell algorithm.

Personalizing the theme park: psychometric profiling and physiological monitoring (2011)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Rennick-Egglestone, S., Whitbrook, A., Leygue, C., Greensmith, J., Walker, B., Benford, S., Schnädelbach, H., Reeves, S., Marshall, J., Kirk, D., Tennent, P., Irune, A., & Rowland, D. (2011, July). Personalizing the theme park: psychometric profiling and physiological monitoring. Presented at 19th International Conference, UMAP 2011, Girona, Spain

Theme parks are important and complex forms of entertainment, with a broad user-base, and with a substantial economic impact. In this paper, we present a case study of an existing theme park, and use this to motivate two research challenges in relati... Read More about Personalizing the theme park: psychometric profiling and physiological monitoring.