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A spread spectrum approach to time-domain near-infrared diffuse optical imaging using inexpensive optical transceiver modules

Papadimitriou, Konstantinos I.; Dempsey, Laura A.; Hebden, Jeremy C.; Arridge, Simon R.; Powell, Samuel

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Authors

Konstantinos I. Papadimitriou

Laura A. Dempsey

Jeremy C. Hebden

Simon R. Arridge

Samuel Powell



Abstract

We introduce a compact time-domain system for near-infrared spectroscopy using a spread spectrum technique. The proof-of-concept single channel instrument utilises a low-cost commercially available optical transceiver module as a light source, controlled by a Kintex 7 field programmable gate array (FPGA). The FPGA modulates the optical transceiver with maximum-length sequences at line rates up to 10Gb/s, allowing us to achieve an instrument response function with full width at half maximum under 600ps. The instrument is characterised through a set of detailed phantom measurements as well as proof-of-concept in vivo measurements, demonstrating performance comparable with conventional pulsed time-domain near-infrared spectroscopy systems.

Citation

Papadimitriou, K. I., Dempsey, L. A., Hebden, J. C., Arridge, S. R., & Powell, S. (2018). A spread spectrum approach to time-domain near-infrared diffuse optical imaging using inexpensive optical transceiver modules. Biomedical Optics Express, 9(6), 2648 - 2663. https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.9.002648

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Apr 1, 2018
Online Publication Date May 10, 2018
Publication Date Jun 1, 2018
Deposit Date Jan 24, 2020
Publicly Available Date Jan 24, 2020
Journal Biomedical Optics Express
Electronic ISSN 2156-7085
Publisher Optical Society of America
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 9
Issue 6
Pages 2648 - 2663
DOI https://doi.org/10.1364/boe.9.002648
Keywords Biotechnology; Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/3791666
Publisher URL https://www.osapublishing.org/boe/abstract.cfm?uri=boe-9-6-2648
Additional Information This article is maintained by: OSA - The Optical Society; Crossref DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.9.002648; Article type: research-article; Similarity check: Screened by Similarity Check; Peer reviewed: Yes; Review process: Single blind; Received: 20 February 2018; Accepted: 24 April 2018; Published: 10 May 2018; Copyright: Published by The Optical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.

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