Professor CHRISTOPHER GERADA's Outputs (265)

Advancements in Electrical Machines for Aircraft Propulsion (2025)
Journal Article
Gerada, D., Zhang, F., Jiang, J., Zhang, X., Zou, T., Xu, Z., & Gerada, C. (2025). Advancements in Electrical Machines for Aircraft Propulsion. IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications, https://doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.24010320

Electrical machines are at the center of future aircraft propulsion architectures, and their improvement is key in increasing the market uptake of cleaner transport. This paper investigates recent/ongoing improvements within the constituent technolog... Read More about Advancements in Electrical Machines for Aircraft Propulsion.

Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings (2025)
Journal Article
Huynh, A. T., Huang, H., Jiang, J., Zou, T., Gerada, D., Yang, T., & Gerada, C. (2025). Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2025.3547237

Choosing the right winding technology is key to maximizing power density and efficiency in electric aircraft propulsion. This paper presents a two-level optimization strategy to evaluate Litz wire and hairpin winding configurations in two 1 MW-class... Read More about Optimization and Comparison of 1MW-Class PM Motors for Aircraft Propulsion Using Litz Wire and Hairpin Windings.

High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits (2025)
Journal Article
Di Nardo, M., Gallicchio, G., Cupertino, F., Palmieri, M., Ilkhani, M. R., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2025). High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits. IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 6, 93-106. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIA.2025.3531227

This paper presents a comprehensive comparison of high-speed synchronous machines, encompassing synchronous reluctance, its permanent magnet variant and surface permanent magnet synchronous motors. The evaluation of their maximum performance capabili... Read More about High Speed Synchronous Machines: Technologies and Limits.

A Holistic Analysis and Experimental Testing of a Passive Heat Path for Electric Motors Slots (2025)
Journal Article
Hebala, A., Connor, P. H., Nuzzo, S., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2025). A Holistic Analysis and Experimental Testing of a Passive Heat Path for Electric Motors Slots. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/tte.2025.3537161

This paper presents a thorough and broad analysis of the passive slot heat path concept. Six heat path shapes are proposed and compared in terms of their combined thermal and electrical performance. Through an extensive search pool that covers a wide... Read More about A Holistic Analysis and Experimental Testing of a Passive Heat Path for Electric Motors Slots.

Passive In-Slot Heat Path Realisation for Extending the Operating Limits of an Aircraft Propulsion Motor (2024)
Journal Article
Hebala, A., Nuzzo, S., H. Connor, P., Gerada, C., & Galea, M. (2024). Passive In-Slot Heat Path Realisation for Extending the Operating Limits of an Aircraft Propulsion Motor. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2024.3520380

This paper studies the combined thermal and electrical characteristics of different in-slot conductive heat path materials and shapes to reduce the winding hotspot temperature and improve electrical motors’ output power and performance. Combinations... Read More about Passive In-Slot Heat Path Realisation for Extending the Operating Limits of an Aircraft Propulsion Motor.

An Enhanced Model Predictive Torque Control With Online Loss Minimization Tracking for SPMSM Drive (2024)
Journal Article
Wang, S., Rivera, M., Gerada, C., Wheeler, P., & Lophitis, N. (2024). An Enhanced Model Predictive Torque Control With Online Loss Minimization Tracking for SPMSM Drive. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3493173

Maximum efficiency per ampere (MEPA) control, also known as loss minimization (LM) control, aims to minimize losses in permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) drive systems by optimizing the dq-axis current references. Addressing the complexities... Read More about An Enhanced Model Predictive Torque Control With Online Loss Minimization Tracking for SPMSM Drive.

A Hybrid PWM Technique Employing Variable Switching Sequences for Current Ripple Suppression in Dual Three-Phase PMSMs (2024)
Journal Article
Wang, S., Rivera, M., Golovanov, D., Blissett, J., Moran, J., Davison, P., Ramtharan, G., Gerada, C., & Wheeler, P. (2024). A Hybrid PWM Technique Employing Variable Switching Sequences for Current Ripple Suppression in Dual Three-Phase PMSMs. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2024.3476911

Dual three-phase electrical machines inherently have lower 6 k ± 1 order harmonic impedance than conventional three-phase machines, particularly in their sensitivity to voltage pulses from a drive in terms of current harmonics. Based on space vector... Read More about A Hybrid PWM Technique Employing Variable Switching Sequences for Current Ripple Suppression in Dual Three-Phase PMSMs.

PDIV Modeling for Rectangular Wire Turn-to-Turn Insulation of Inverter-Fed Motors at Different Cruising Altitudes (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Naderiallaf, H., Gerada, C., Degano, M., & Gerada, D. (2024, September). PDIV Modeling for Rectangular Wire Turn-to-Turn Insulation of Inverter-Fed Motors at Different Cruising Altitudes. Presented at 2024 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), Torino, Italy

This study develops a predictive model for partial discharge inception voltage (PDIV) in turn-to-turn insulation of form-wound windings for inverter-fed motors considering a range of altitudes, from ground to cruise levels. Emphasis is placed on the... Read More about PDIV Modeling for Rectangular Wire Turn-to-Turn Insulation of Inverter-Fed Motors at Different Cruising Altitudes.

Highly Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Design Integrating Cooling Solutions for High Power Density Applications (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
George, E., Walker, A., Zhang, F., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2024, October). Highly Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Design Integrating Cooling Solutions for High Power Density Applications. Presented at 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2024, Washington, DC, USA

Edgewise winding is reported recently for high-performance electric machines. However, to achieve widespread uptake of electric machines, it is essential to consider the manufacturing time of the complete machine solution. For example, with different... Read More about Highly Manufacturable Edgewise Winding Design Integrating Cooling Solutions for High Power Density Applications.

In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mifsud, L. P., Connor, P. H., Walker, A., Zou, T., Huang, H., Ren, X., Batho, G., Tweedy, O., Gerada, C., & Egger, C. (2024, October). In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors. Presented at 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2024, Washington, DC, USA

Ambitious electrification roadmaps for the automotive industry have prompted a revolution in winding technology for traction motors in electric vehicles (EV). Hairpin windings with reduced power losses and improved coolability are overtaking the mark... Read More about In-Slot Oil Cooling Arrangement of Hairpin Windings for High Power Density EV Traction Motors.

High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Walker, A., Zou, T., Mifsud, L. P., Connor, P., Huang, H., Ren, X., Batho, G., Tweedy, O., Gerada, C., & Kaloun, A. (2024, October). High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction. Presented at 2024 IEEE Vehicle Power and Propulsion Conference, VPPC 2024, Washington, DC, USA

The ambitious roadmaps of electric vehicle (EV) powertrains are pushing traction motors to achieve step-change performance improvements in power density, efficiency, and cost by 2035. Limited by technology bricks such as materials, manufacturing and... Read More about High Pole Number Outer-Rotor SPM Machine for Sustainable 150kW High-Speed EV Traction.

On Accelerated Degradation of DC-Link Film Capacitors and Data-based Lifetime Estimation (2024)
Journal Article
Pena-Quintal, A., Mustafa, U., Gerada, C., & Ahmed, M. R. (2024). On Accelerated Degradation of DC-Link Film Capacitors and Data-based Lifetime Estimation. IEEE Access, 12, 177565-177575. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2024.3474256

Methods to address the lifetime of film capacitors are a new trend, which have come about due to the importance of control algorithms relying on the stability and the reliability of this passive device for controlling ever-increasing power with optim... Read More about On Accelerated Degradation of DC-Link Film Capacitors and Data-based Lifetime Estimation.

Analytical-Numerical Model for Synchronous Homopolar Machines (2024)
Journal Article
Vannini, A., Nardo, M. D., Marfoli, A., Riccio, J., Murataliyev, M., Rocca, A. L., & Gerada, C. (2024). Analytical-Numerical Model for Synchronous Homopolar Machines. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2024.3468720

Synchronous homopolar machines represent a viable solution for applications requiring a robust electro-mechanical conversion system. Their diffusion is hindered by the low power density and by their complex three-dimensional magnetic behavior which r... Read More about Analytical-Numerical Model for Synchronous Homopolar Machines.

Distributed Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Synchronous Machines (2024)
Journal Article
Korman, O., Nardo, M. D., Riccio, J., Murataliyev, M., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2025). Distributed Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Synchronous Machines. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 61(1), 4-15. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2024.3462898

This paper proposes a highly accurate and computationally efficient distributed magnetic equivalent circuit (DMEC) model for synchronous electric machines. The model - based on a two directional flux paths cell element - is derived in a general fashi... Read More about Distributed Magnetic Equivalent Circuit Modelling of Synchronous Machines.

Design Strategies for Scalable and Modular Aerospace Electrical Machines (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Darmani, M. A., Murataliyev, M., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2024, September). Design Strategies for Scalable and Modular Aerospace Electrical Machines. Presented at 2024 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM), Torino, Italy

In his study, innovative design approaches for scalable and modular inverter-fed electrical machines, tailored for aerospace applications, are explored with the primary goal of achieving unparalleled power density within powertrain systems. Three dis... Read More about Design Strategies for Scalable and Modular Aerospace Electrical Machines.

Fault-Tolerant Dual Channels Three-Phase PMSM for Aerospace Applications (2024)
Journal Article
Khowja, M. R., Singh, K., la Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Ramnathan, R., & Gerada, C. (2024). Fault-Tolerant Dual Channels Three-Phase PMSM for Aerospace Applications. IEEE Access, 12, 126845-126857. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3451705

In safety-critical applications such as aerospace and marine, electrical machines are limited to meet several stringent requirements such as physical, electrical, magnetic and thermal isolation between two three-phase channels, in order to be conside... Read More about Fault-Tolerant Dual Channels Three-Phase PMSM for Aerospace Applications.

All-Inorganic Electrical Insulation Systems for High-Power Density Electrical Machines (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kudrynskyi, Z., Connor, P. H., Cooper, T. P., Wadge, M. D., Kerfoot, J., Zheng, X., Felfel, R., Korolkov, V., Kubal, M., Gerada, C., & Grant, D. M. (2024, June). All-Inorganic Electrical Insulation Systems for High-Power Density Electrical Machines. Presented at 2024 IEEE 5th International Conference on Dielectrics (ICD), Toulouse, France

This paper introduces the concept of ‘All-Inorganic Electrical Insulation (EI) System’ to enable the next generation of high-power-density electrical machines (EMs) that can operate at extreme conditions, namely high voltages (V) up to 1 kV DC and hi... Read More about All-Inorganic Electrical Insulation Systems for High-Power Density Electrical Machines.

Design Optimization of Spoke-type Flux-intensifying PM Motor with Asymmetric Rotor Configuration for Improved Performance (2024)
Journal Article
Hsieh, M.-F., Huynh, A. T., Do, V.-V., Gerada, D., & Gerada, C. (2024). Design Optimization of Spoke-type Flux-intensifying PM Motor with Asymmetric Rotor Configuration for Improved Performance. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 60(9), Article 8203905. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2024.3428416

This article explores enhancing spoke-type flux-intensifying permanent magnet (SFI-PM) motor performance by strategically placing flux barriers (FBs) in the asymmetric rotor. Integrating multi-FBs into the conventional spoke-type PM (CSPM) rotor topo... Read More about Design Optimization of Spoke-type Flux-intensifying PM Motor with Asymmetric Rotor Configuration for Improved Performance.

Multiphysics Sizing of Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Based on Geometric Methodology (2024)
Journal Article
Darmani, M. A., Cavagnino, A., Vaschetto, S., Marignetti, F., & Gerada, C. (2024). Multiphysics Sizing of Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Based on Geometric Methodology. IEEE Open Journal of Industry Applications, 5, 283 - 299. https://doi.org/10.1109/ojia.2024.3427863

This study presents a sizing methodology in the frame of the multidisciplinary design of interior permanent magnet synchronous machines. The proposed approach targets at obtaining an initial electromagnetic design of the machine, including diameters,... Read More about Multiphysics Sizing of Interior Permanent Magnet Machines Based on Geometric Methodology.

AFPM Machines Equipped with Multilayer Magnets (2024)
Journal Article
Darmani, M. A., Pošković, E., Franchini, F., Ferraris, L., Cavagnino, A., & Gerada, C. (2024). AFPM Machines Equipped with Multilayer Magnets. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2024.3420133

This article investigates the manufacturability and applicability of unified multilayer magnets, comprising two different magnetic materials with distinct characteristics, for use in electrical machines. In particular, the self-produced multilayer ma... Read More about AFPM Machines Equipped with Multilayer Magnets.