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How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; Part I: Compressors and expanders (2024)
Journal Article
Baniamerian, Z., Garvey, S., Rouse, J., Cárdenas, B., Pottie, D. L., Barbour, E. R., & Bagdanavicius, A. (2024). How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; Part I: Compressors and expanders. Journal of Energy Storage, 89, Article 111791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111791

This study addresses a critical economic aspect in compressed air energy storage that has not been discussed much in existing literature: the impact of operating pressure on machinery capital cots. It aims to answer whether the cost per unit of power... Read More about How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; Part I: Compressors and expanders.

How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; part II: Heat exchangers (2024)
Journal Article
Baniamerian, Z., Garvey, S., Rouse, J., Cárdenas, B., Pottie, D. L., Barbour, E. R., & Bagdanavicius, A. (2024). How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; part II: Heat exchangers. Journal of Energy Storage, 86(Pt A), Article 111138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.111138

In the field of compressed air energy storage, a critical economic aspect that has been overlooked in existing literature relates to the influence of storage pressure on the capital cost of power conversion system. In Part I, a comprehensive study wa... Read More about How pressure affects costs of power conversion machinery in compressed air energy storage; part II: Heat exchangers.

A directly charged thermal store for compressed air energy storage systems (2023)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., & Garvey, S. (2023). A directly charged thermal store for compressed air energy storage systems. Journal of Energy Storage, 71, Article 108183. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.108183

This paper discusses the design of a heat storage unit with integrated heat exchangers (TES + HX), which is intended to work in a Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) system. The unit can be charged directly by the system's stream of pressurised air,... Read More about A directly charged thermal store for compressed air energy storage systems.

Comparative Analysis of Isochoric and Isobaric Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (2023)
Journal Article
Pottie, D., Cardenas, B., Garvey, S., Rouse, J., Hough, E., Bagdanavicius, A., & Barbour, E. (2023). Comparative Analysis of Isochoric and Isobaric Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage. Energies, 16(6), Article 2646. https://doi.org/10.3390/en16062646

Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage (ACAES) is regarded as a promising, grid scale, medium-to-long duration energy storage technology. In ACAES, the air storage may be isochoric (constant volume) or isobaric (constant pressure). Isochoric storage... Read More about Comparative Analysis of Isochoric and Isobaric Adiabatic Compressed Air Energy Storage.

The effect of a nuclear baseload in a zero-carbon electricity system: An analysis for the UK (2023)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Ibanez, R., Rouse, J., Swinfen-Styles, L., & Garvey, S. (2023). The effect of a nuclear baseload in a zero-carbon electricity system: An analysis for the UK. Renewable Energy, 205, 256-272. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.028

This paper explores the effect of having a nuclear baseload in a 100% carbon-free electricity system The study analyses numerous scenarios based on different penetrations of conventional nuclear, wind and solar PV power, different levels of overgener... Read More about The effect of a nuclear baseload in a zero-carbon electricity system: An analysis for the UK.

Electromechanical Analysis of Low Voltage Faults in a Magnetically Coupled Synchronous Generator Set (2022)
Conference Proceeding
Tweedy, O. R., Akcay, Y., Giangrande, P., Galea, M., & Garvey, S. D. (2022). Electromechanical Analysis of Low Voltage Faults in a Magnetically Coupled Synchronous Generator Set. In 2022 International Conference on Electrical Machines (ICEM 2022) (143-149). https://doi.org/10.1109/icem51905.2022.9910689

This paper investigates the magneto-mechanical performance of a magnetically coupled, engine driven synchronous generator set exposed to a severe low voltage grid fault. A multi-physics model of a generator, coaxial magnetic coupling and diesel engin... Read More about Electromechanical Analysis of Low Voltage Faults in a Magnetically Coupled Synchronous Generator Set.

Short-, medium-, and long-duration energy storage in a 100% renewable electricity grid: A UK case study (2021)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Swinfen-Styles, L., Rouse, J., & Garvey, S. D. (2021). Short-, medium-, and long-duration energy storage in a 100% renewable electricity grid: A UK case study. Energies, 14(24), Article 8524. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248524

Energy storage will be required over a wide range of discharge durations in future zero-emission grids, from milliseconds to months. No single technology is well suited for the complete range. Using 9 years of UK data, this paper explores how to comb... Read More about Short-, medium-, and long-duration energy storage in a 100% renewable electricity grid: A UK case study.

Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (2021)
Conference Proceeding
Marfoli, A., Nardo, M. D., Garvey, S., Degano, M., Vashisht, R., Turnbull, R., & Gerada, C. (2021). Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. In 2021 IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE) (4646-4653). https://doi.org/10.1109/ECCE47101.2021.9595524

This paper presents a general multi-harmonics analytical model able to predict both torque and force behaviour of a multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine. This machine topology can be adopted in bearingless applications and in application... Read More about Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine.

A case study investigation into the risk of fatigue in synchronous flywheel energy stores and ramifications for the design of inertia replacement systems (2021)
Journal Article
Rouse, J., Garvey, S., Cárdenas, B., Hoskin, A., Swinfen-Styles, L., & Xu, W. (2021). A case study investigation into the risk of fatigue in synchronous flywheel energy stores and ramifications for the design of inertia replacement systems. Journal of Energy Storage, 39, Article 102651. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102651

Flywheels are an attractive energy storage solution for many reasons; high turnaround efficiencies, long cycling lives and high “ramp-up” power rates have all been noted in the literature. Novel flywheel based hybrid energy storage systems have also... Read More about A case study investigation into the risk of fatigue in synchronous flywheel energy stores and ramifications for the design of inertia replacement systems.

Analysis of the tribological interaction of a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined radial lip oil seal, shaft and lubricant sample (2021)
Journal Article
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S. D., Dakka, S. M., Rothwell, B. C., Su, R., Leach, R., & Weston, N. (2022). Analysis of the tribological interaction of a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined radial lip oil seal, shaft and lubricant sample. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part J: Journal of Engineering Tribology, 236(1), 123-143. https://doi.org/10.1177/13506501211005876

To investigate the tribological interaction and wear mechanisms of polytetrafluoroethylene-lined radial lip oil seals in service, a sleeve, seal and lubricant sample taken off a rotating rig are studied. The test was terminated at 72 h, after severe... Read More about Analysis of the tribological interaction of a polytetrafluoroethylene-lined radial lip oil seal, shaft and lubricant sample.

Seal Failure In Aerospace Applications -- Creating A Global Open-source Database (2021)
Journal Article
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S., Rothwell, B., & Dakka, S. (2021). Seal Failure In Aerospace Applications -- Creating A Global Open-source Database. Sealing Technology, 2021(2), 7-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4789%2821%2900076-3

Seal failure in aerospace applications-creating a global open-source database Seals are essential components used in numerous applications across engineering. A seal is a component that impedes the flow of fluid through a given system. The word 'impe... Read More about Seal Failure In Aerospace Applications -- Creating A Global Open-source Database.

An Experimental Study of Contact Temperatures at Sealing Interface against Varying Shaft Surfaces (2021)
Journal Article
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S. D., Dakka, S. M., & Rothwell, B. C. (2021). An Experimental Study of Contact Temperatures at Sealing Interface against Varying Shaft Surfaces. Coatings, 11(2), Article 156. https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings11020156

Increased temperatures at the sealing interface between the seal and shaft can reduce the working life of a seal through elastomer aging, swelling and increased friction. Degradation of the seal due to increased temperatures can cause pre‐mature fail... Read More about An Experimental Study of Contact Temperatures at Sealing Interface against Varying Shaft Surfaces.

Experimental study of radial lip seals with different sleeve coatings (2020)
Journal Article
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S. D., Dakka, S. M., & Rothwell, B. C. (2020). Experimental study of radial lip seals with different sleeve coatings. Sealing Technology, 2020(3), 5-10. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1350-4789%2820%2930091-X

Radial Lip Seals with pre-loaded garter springs of 8.5oz, 12.5oz and 14oz are tested with 4 different sleeves to investigate various seal-sleeve combinations. To find optimum sleeve coating and seal combinations, leakage and performance is investigat... Read More about Experimental study of radial lip seals with different sleeve coatings.

Heat Transfer of Couette Flow in Micro-channels: an Analytical Model of Seals (2020)
Conference Proceeding
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S. D., Dakka, S. M., & Rothwell, B. C. (2020). Heat Transfer of Couette Flow in Micro-channels: an Analytical Model of Seals

Analytical solutions of the temperature profile of a fluid in a Couette flow between two parallel plates are reported. The upper plate moves in the direction of the flow with a constant velocity and the lower plate is stationary, to simulate the cond... Read More about Heat Transfer of Couette Flow in Micro-channels: an Analytical Model of Seals.

Aerospace Sealing Technology for Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul of Engines: a Review (2019)
Conference Proceeding
Shabbir, S., Garvey, S., & Dakka, S. M. (2019). Aerospace Sealing Technology for Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul of Engines: a Review.

Given the current rate of growth of gas turbine engines in the aerospace industry, the development of efficient and advanced sealing technology to cater to the harsh operating conditions of the aero-engines is crucial. In addition to developing low-l... Read More about Aerospace Sealing Technology for Maintenance, Repair and Overhaul of Engines: a Review.

A load-based approach for optimizing a packed-bed thermal store (2019)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., & Garvey, S. D. (2019). A load-based approach for optimizing a packed-bed thermal store. Journal of Energy Storage, 25, Article 100835. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2019.100835

This paper presents a load-based optimization approach for improving the efficiency of a packed bed. The optimization is based on splitting the work-cycle of the thermal store into two frequency components: low and high. A packed bed is designed for... Read More about A load-based approach for optimizing a packed-bed thermal store.

Techno-economic optimization of a packed-bed for utility-scale energy storage (2019)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Davenne, T., Wang, J., Ding, Y., Jin, Y., Chen, H., …Garvey, S. (2019). Techno-economic optimization of a packed-bed for utility-scale energy storage. Applied Thermal Engineering, 153, 206-220. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2019.02.134

The optimization of a packed bed for utility-scale applications is presented in this paper. The effects that particle size, aspect ratio and storage mass have on the roundtrip exergy efficiency of the store are thoroughly analysed. The paper seeks to... Read More about Techno-economic optimization of a packed-bed for utility-scale energy storage.

A sign-preserving filter for signal decomposition (2018)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Davenne, T. R., & Garvey, S. (2018). A sign-preserving filter for signal decomposition. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part I: Journal of Systems and Control Engineering, https://doi.org/10.1177/0959651818811182

There are optimization problems in which an improvement in performance or a reduction in cost can be attained if the input signal of the system is split into multiple components. Splitting the signal allows customizing the design of the system’s hard... Read More about A sign-preserving filter for signal decomposition.

Load optimization for reducing the cost of an electric vehicle’s battery pack (2018)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., & Garvey, S. D. (2018). Load optimization for reducing the cost of an electric vehicle’s battery pack. Journal of Energy Storage, 20, 254-263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.09.018

This paper presents a study on the cost-optimization of the battery pack of a Nissan Leaf. The optimization is based on decomposing the load that the battery pack experiences into two components (low and high frequency), each of which will be handled... Read More about Load optimization for reducing the cost of an electric vehicle’s battery pack.

A series hybrid “real inertia” energy storage system (2018)
Journal Article
Rouse, J., Garvey, S., Cárdenas, B., & Davenne, T. (2018). A series hybrid “real inertia” energy storage system. Journal of Energy Storage, 20, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.08.006

The wide scale market penetration of numerous renewable energy technologies is dependent, at least in part, on developing reliable energy storage methods that can alleviate concerns over potentially interrupted and uncertain supplies. Many challenges... Read More about A series hybrid “real inertia” energy storage system.

Stability of packed bed thermoclines (2018)
Journal Article
Davenne, T. R., Garvey, S. D., Cardenas, B., & Rouse, J. P. (2018). Stability of packed bed thermoclines. Journal of Energy Storage, 19, 192-200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2018.07.015

© 2018 Packed bed thermoclines have attracted considerable interest as an economical method for storing large amounts of thermal energy. They are a constituent part of a range of proposed thermo-mechanical energy storage systems, such as Adiabatic Co... Read More about Stability of packed bed thermoclines.

Lowering the cost of large-scale energy storage: high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage (2017)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Pimm, A. J., Kantharaj, B., Simpson, M., Garvey, J., & Garvey, S. D. (2017). Lowering the cost of large-scale energy storage: high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage. Propulsion and Power Research, 6(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jppr.2017.06.001

Compressed air energy storage is an energy storage technology with strong potential to play a significant role in balancing energy on transmission networks, owing to its use of mature technologies and low cost per unit of storage capacity. Adiabatic... Read More about Lowering the cost of large-scale energy storage: high temperature adiabatic compressed air energy storage.

Thermal Design of Linear Induction and Synchronous Motors for Electromagnetic Launch of Civil Aircraft (2017)
Journal Article
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., Garvey, S. D., & Morvan, H. (2017). Thermal Design of Linear Induction and Synchronous Motors for Electromagnetic Launch of Civil Aircraft. IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, 45(7), 1146-1153. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPS.2017.2697941

The engine size of modern passenger transport aircraft is principally determined by take-off conditions, since initial acceleration requires maximum engine power. An elec¬tromagnetic launch (EML) system could provide some or all of the energy require... Read More about Thermal Design of Linear Induction and Synchronous Motors for Electromagnetic Launch of Civil Aircraft.

The cold store for a pumped thermal energy storage system (2017)
Journal Article
Davenne, T., Garvey, S., Cardenas, B., & Simpson, M. (2017). The cold store for a pumped thermal energy storage system. Journal of Energy Storage, 14(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.03.009

In recent years several proposals for thermodynamic cycles involving the compression and expansion of gas and thermal storage have been put forward as effective ways of storing energy. These include the work of Desrues [1] who proposed a thermal ener... Read More about The cold store for a pumped thermal energy storage system.

Gas-to-gas heat exchanger design for high performance thermal energy storage (2017)
Journal Article
Cardenas, B., Garvey, S. D., Kantharaj, B., & Simpson, M. (2017). Gas-to-gas heat exchanger design for high performance thermal energy storage. Journal of Energy Storage, 14(2), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2017.03.004

The mathematical modelling and optimization of a gas-to-gas heat exchanger with a non-constant cross sectional area is presented. The design of the cross sectional area of the heat exchanger analyzed is based on an hexagonal mesh, which would be high... Read More about Gas-to-gas heat exchanger design for high performance thermal energy storage.

Reducing weight and fuel consumption of civil aircraft by electromagnetic launch (2017)
Conference Proceeding
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., Polenta, V., Garvey, S. D., & Morvan, H. (2017). Reducing weight and fuel consumption of civil aircraft by electromagnetic launch.

Electromagnetic launch systems have been proposed for military applications to accelerate jet planes on aircraft carriers. This paper proposes the implementation of similar technology to aid civil aircraft take-off, which can provide significant econ... Read More about Reducing weight and fuel consumption of civil aircraft by electromagnetic launch.

Parametric investigation of a non-constant cross sectional area air to air heat exchanger (2016)
Journal Article
Cárdenas, B., Garvey, S., Kantharaj, B., & Simpson, M. (2017). Parametric investigation of a non-constant cross sectional area air to air heat exchanger. Applied Thermal Engineering, 113, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2016.10.209

The present article addresses the design, mathematical modelling and analysis of a novel highly exergy-efficient air to air heat exchanger. An intricate design based on an hexagonal mesh is proposed for the cross-sectional area of the heat exchanger... Read More about Parametric investigation of a non-constant cross sectional area air to air heat exchanger.

Minimization of electro-mechanical interaction with posicast strategies for more-electric aircraft applications (2016)
Conference Proceeding
Ahumada, C., Garvey, S. D., Yang, T., Kulsangcharoen, P., Wheeler, P., & Morvan, H. (2016). Minimization of electro-mechanical interaction with posicast strategies for more-electric aircraft applications.

This paper studies strategies to minimize the electromechanical interaction (EMI) within aircraft power systems. With the growth of electrical power on-board aircraft, the interaction between the electrical systems and the engine core will become sig... Read More about Minimization of electro-mechanical interaction with posicast strategies for more-electric aircraft applications.

Design study and scaled experiment of induction and synchronous motor for civil application of electromagnetic aircraft launch system (2016)
Conference Proceeding
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., Garvey, S. D., & Morvan, H. (2016). Design study and scaled experiment of induction and synchronous motor for civil application of electromagnetic aircraft launch system.

The engine size of modern passenger transport aircraft is principally determined by take-off conditions, since initial acceleration requires maximum engine power. An Electromagnetic Launch (EML) system could provide some or all of the energy required... Read More about Design study and scaled experiment of induction and synchronous motor for civil application of electromagnetic aircraft launch system.

Superconducting electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft (2016)
Journal Article
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., Garvey, S. D., & Morvan, H. (2016). Superconducting electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft. IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity, 26(8), https://doi.org/10.1109/TASC.2016.2598772

This paper considers the feasibility of different superconducting technologies for electromagnetic launch (EML) to assist civil aircraft take-off. EML has the potential of reducing the required runway length by increasing aircraft acceleration. Expen... Read More about Superconducting electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft.

Novel stiffeners exploiting internal pressurisation to enhance buckling behaviour under bending loads (2016)
Journal Article
Polenta, V., Garvey, S. D., Chronopoulos, D., Long, A. C., & Morvan, H. (2016). Novel stiffeners exploiting internal pressurisation to enhance buckling behaviour under bending loads. Thin-Walled Structures, 105, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tws.2016.04.002

The paper proposes a novel type of stiffener designed to bear bending loads by exploiting internal pressure effects. The stiffener is made of two adjacent thin-walled pipes (r/t?50) jointed with a connecting strip. Such a structure is shown to have h... Read More about Novel stiffeners exploiting internal pressurisation to enhance buckling behaviour under bending loads.

Electromagnetic launch systems for civil aircraft assisted take-off (2015)
Journal Article
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., Garvey, S. D., & Morvan, H. (2015). Electromagnetic launch systems for civil aircraft assisted take-off. Archives of Electrical Engineering, 64(4), https://doi.org/10.1515/aee-2015-0039

This paper considers the feasibility of different technologies for an electromagnetic launcher to assist civil aircraft take-off. This method is investigated to reduce the power required from the engines during initial acceleration. Assisted launch h... Read More about Electromagnetic launch systems for civil aircraft assisted take-off.

Economic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on liquid air and compressed air (2015)
Journal Article
Pimm, A. J., Garvey, S. D., & Kantharaj, B. (2015). Economic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on liquid air and compressed air. Journal of Energy Storage, 4, 24-35. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2015.09.002

A hybrid energy storage system is defined here as one which comprises two series-connected energy stores (using different storage technologies), only one of which is connected to the grid. Such a plant can take advantage of certain characteristics of... Read More about Economic analysis of a hybrid energy storage system based on liquid air and compressed air.

Compressed air energy storage with liquid air capacity extension (2015)
Journal Article
Kantharaj, B., Garvey, S. D., & Pimm, A. J. (2015). Compressed air energy storage with liquid air capacity extension. Applied Energy, 157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2015.07.076

As renewable electricity generation capacity increases, energy storage will be required at larger scales. Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) at large scales, with effective management of heat, is recognised to have potential to provide affordable g... Read More about Compressed air energy storage with liquid air capacity extension.

Analysis of a wind turbine power transmission system with intrinsic energy storage capability (2015)
Journal Article
Garvey, S. D., Pimm, A. J., Buck, J. A., Woolhead, S., Liew, K. W., Kantharaj, B., …Brewster, B. D. (2015). Analysis of a wind turbine power transmission system with intrinsic energy storage capability. Wind Engineering, 39(2), 149-173. https://doi.org/10.1260/0309-524X.39.2.149

A wind turbine transmission system is described wherein mechanical power directly from the slow rotation of the shaft of a large wind turbine rotor is carried over to electrical power through a synchronous generator via the circulation of a high pres... Read More about Analysis of a wind turbine power transmission system with intrinsic energy storage capability.

Modal Control of Vibration in Rotating Machines and Other Generally Damped Systems (2006)
Conference Proceeding
Houlston, P. R., Garvey, S. D., & Popov, A. A. (2006). Modal Control of Vibration in Rotating Machines and Other Generally Damped Systems.

Second order matrix equations arise in the description of real dynamical systems. Traditional modal control approaches utilise the eigenvectors of the undamped system to diagonalise the system matrices. A regrettable consequence of this approach is t... Read More about Modal Control of Vibration in Rotating Machines and Other Generally Damped Systems.

Optimal Controller Designs for Rotating Machines - Penalising the Rate of Change of Control Forcing (2006)
Conference Proceeding
Houlston, P. R., Garvey, S. D., & Popov, A. A. (2006). Optimal Controller Designs for Rotating Machines - Penalising the Rate of Change of Control Forcing.

In the context of active control of rotating machines, standard optimal controller methods enable a trade-off to be made between (weighted) mean-square vibrations and (weighted) mean-square currents injected into magnetic bearings. One shortcoming of... Read More about Optimal Controller Designs for Rotating Machines - Penalising the Rate of Change of Control Forcing.

Superconducting and conventional electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft assisted take-off
Conference Proceeding
Bertola, L., Cox, T., Wheeler, P., & Garvey, S. D. (in press). Superconducting and conventional electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft assisted take-off.

This paper compares three possible linear motor topologies for an electromagnetic launch system to assist civil aircraft take-off. Assisted launch of civil aircraft has the potential of reducing the required runway length, reducing noise and emission... Read More about Superconducting and conventional electromagnetic launch system for civil aircraft assisted take-off.