Dr CAROLINE RICK's Outputs (32)

The PD COMM Process Evaluation: Describing Interventions and Implementation in a UK Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial of Speech and Language Therapy for People With Parkinson's-Related Dysarthria (2025)
Journal Article
Nicoll, A., Brady, M. C., Masterson-Algar, P., Burton, C., Beaton, G., Dickson, S., Caulfield, M., Smith, C. H., Clarke, C. E., Ives, N., Jowett, S., Rick, C., Woolley, R., Sackley, C. M., & On behalf of the PD COMM Collaborative group. (2025). The PD COMM Process Evaluation: Describing Interventions and Implementation in a UK Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial of Speech and Language Therapy for People With Parkinson's-Related Dysarthria. International Journal of Language & Communication Disorders, 60(4), Article e70084. https://doi.org/10.1111/1460-6984.70084

Background
As people with Parkinson's experience progressive communication changes, effective, implementable speech and language therapy (SLT) interventions are needed. Process evaluations alongside pragmatic randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are... Read More about The PD COMM Process Evaluation: Describing Interventions and Implementation in a UK Pragmatic Randomised Controlled Trial of Speech and Language Therapy for People With Parkinson's-Related Dysarthria.

Lessons from the PROTECT-CH COVID-19 platform trial in care homes (2025)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Ball, J., Boyd, M., Gage, H., Glover, M., Godfrey, M., Guthrie, B., Hewitt, J., Howard, R., Jaki, T., Juszczak, E., Lasserson, D., Leighton, P., Leyland, V., Shen Lim, W., Logan, P., Meakin, G., Montgomery, A., Ogollah, R., Passmore, P., …Gordon, A. L. (2025). Lessons from the PROTECT-CH COVID-19 platform trial in care homes. Health Technology Assessment, https://doi.org/10.3310/MTRS8833

Background
Coronavirus disease-2019 was associated with significant mortality and morbidity in care homes in 2020–1. Repurposed antiviral drugs might reduce morbidity and mortality through reducing viral transmission, infection, replication and infl... Read More about Lessons from the PROTECT-CH COVID-19 platform trial in care homes.

The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to invest in care home research infrastructure (2022)
Journal Article
Gordon, A. L., Rick, C., Juszczak, E., Montgomery, A., Howard, R., Guthrie, B., Lim, W. S., Shenkin, S., Leighton, P., Bath, P. M., Ball, J., Gage, H., Glover, M., Godfrey, M., Hewitt, J., Jaki, T., Lasserson, D., Logan, P., Passmore, P., Quinlan, P., …Tate, V. (2022). The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to invest in care home research infrastructure. Age and Ageing, 51(3), Article afac052. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afac052

The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in catastrophic levels of morbidity and mortality for care home residents. Despite this, research platforms for COVID-19 in care homes arrived late in the pandemic compared with other care settings. The Prophylactic The... Read More about The COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the need to invest in care home research infrastructure.

Long-term Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase or Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Compared with Dopamine Agonists among Patients with Parkinson Disease Uncontrolled by Levodopa Therapy: The PD MED Randomized Clinical Trial (2021)
Journal Article
Gray, R., Patel, S., Ives, N., Rick, C., Woolley, R., Muzerengi, S., Gray, A., Jenkinson, C., McIntosh, E., Wheatley, K., Williams, A., & Clarke, C. E. (2022). Long-term Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase or Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Compared with Dopamine Agonists among Patients with Parkinson Disease Uncontrolled by Levodopa Therapy: The PD MED Randomized Clinical Trial. JAMA Neurology, 79(2), 131-140. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.4736

Importance: Many people with Parkinson disease (PD) develop motor complications that are uncontrolled by levodopa dose adjustment. Among these patients, it is uncertain which drug class is more effective as adjuvant therapy. Objective: To compare the... Read More about Long-term Effectiveness of Adjuvant Treatment with Catechol-O-Methyltransferase or Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors Compared with Dopamine Agonists among Patients with Parkinson Disease Uncontrolled by Levodopa Therapy: The PD MED Randomized Clinical Trial.

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: preliminary cost-consequence analysis of the PD COMM pilot randomised controlled trial (2021)
Journal Article
Scobie, S., Jowett, S., Lambe, T., Patel, S., Woolley, R., Ives, N., Rick, C., Smith, C., Brady, M. C., Clarke, C., & Sackley, C. (2021). Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: preliminary cost-consequence analysis of the PD COMM pilot randomised controlled trial. Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 7(1), Article 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-021-00888-y

Background: The PD COMM pilot randomised controlled trial compared Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT® LOUD) with standard NHS speech and language therapy (SLT) and a control arm in people with Parkinson’s disease (PwPD) with self-reported problems... Read More about Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: preliminary cost-consequence analysis of the PD COMM pilot randomised controlled trial.

Cost-Effectiveness of Dopamine Agonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors in Early Parkinson's Disease (2021)
Journal Article
McIntosh, E., Kent, S., Gray, A., Clarke, C. E., Williams, A., Jenkinson, C., Ives, N., Patel, S., Rick, C., Wheatley, K., Gray, R., & PD MED Collaborative Group. (2021). Cost-Effectiveness of Dopamine Agonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors in Early Parkinson's Disease. Movement Disorders, 36(9), 2136-2143. https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.28623

Background: The PD MED study reported small but persistent benefits in patient-rated mobility scores and quality of life from initiating therapy with levodopa compared with levodopa-sparing therapies in early Parkinson's disease (PD). Objectives: The... Read More about Cost-Effectiveness of Dopamine Agonists and Monoamine Oxidase B Inhibitors in Early Parkinson's Disease.

Test evaluation trials present different challenges for trial managers compared to intervention trials (2020)
Journal Article
Rick, C., Mallett, S., Brown, J., Ottridge, R., Palmer, A., Parker, V., Priest, L., & Deeks, J. J. (2020). Test evaluation trials present different challenges for trial managers compared to intervention trials. Trials, 21(1), Article 987. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04861-7

Introduction: Test evaluation trials present different challenges for trial managers compared to intervention trials. There has been very little research on the management of test evaluation trials and how this impacts on trial success, in comparison... Read More about Test evaluation trials present different challenges for trial managers compared to intervention trials.

A multicentre, randomised controlled trial to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard NHS Speech and Language Therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial (2020)
Journal Article
Sackley, C. M., Rick, C., Au, P., Brady, M. C., Beaton, G., Burton, C., Caulfield, M., Dickson, S., Dowling, F., Hughes, M., Ives, N., Jowett, S., Masterson-Algar, P., Nicoll, A., Patel, S., Smith, C. H., Woolley, R., Clarke, C. E., & on behalf of the PD COMM Collaborative Group. (2020). A multicentre, randomised controlled trial to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard NHS Speech and Language Therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial. Trials, 21, Article 436. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-020-04354-7

Background
Parkinson’s disease (PD) affects approximately 145,519 people in the UK. Speech impairments are common with a reported prevalence of 68%, which increase physical and mental demands during conversation, reliance on family and/or carers, an... Read More about A multicentre, randomised controlled trial to compare the clinical and cost-effectiveness of Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard NHS Speech and Language Therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a study protocol for a randomised controlled trial.

11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial (2020)
Journal Article
Tomlinson, J. W., Markey, K., Mitchell, J., Botfield, H., Ottridge, R. S., Lavery, G. G., Mollan, S. P., Sinclair, A. J., Arlt, W., Matthews, T., Krishnan, A., Woolley, R., Westgate, C., Yiangou, A., Scotton, W., Fairclough, R., Singhal, R., Stewart, P. M., Taylor, A. E., Alimajstorovic, Z., …Jenkinson, C. (2020). 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial. Brain Communications, 2(1), Article fcz050. https://doi.org/10.1093/braincomms/fcz050

Treatment options for idiopathic intracranial hypertension are limited. The enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 has been implicated in regulating cerebrospinal fluid secretion, and its activity is associated with alterations in intracrania... Read More about 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibition in Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension: A Double-Blind Randomized Controlled Trial.

Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of botulinum toxin for the prevention of migraine (2019)
Journal Article
Herd, C. P., Tomlinson, C. L., Rick, C., Scotton, W. J., Edwards, J., Ives, N. J., Clarke, C. E., & Sinclair, A. (2019). Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of botulinum toxin for the prevention of migraine. BMJ Open, 9(7), Article e027953. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027953

Objectives To assess the effects of botulinum toxin for prevention of migraine in adults.

Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Data sources CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and trial registries.
Eligibility criteria We included randomised contr... Read More about Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis of botulinum toxin for the prevention of migraine.

Rating the intelligibility of dysarthic speech amongst people with Parkinson’s Disease: a comparison of trained and untrained listeners (2019)
Journal Article
Smith, C. H., Patel, S., Woolley, R. L., Brady, M. C., Rick, C. E., Halfpenny, R., Rontiris, A., Knox-Smith, L., Dowling, F., Clarke, C. E., Au, P., Ives, N., Wheatley, K., & Sackley, C. M. (2019). Rating the intelligibility of dysarthic speech amongst people with Parkinson’s Disease: a comparison of trained and untrained listeners. Clinical Linguistics & Phonetics, 33(10-11), 1063-1070. https://doi.org/10.1080/02699206.2019.1604806

Intelligibility of speech is a key outcome in speech and language therapy (SLT) and research. SLT students frequently participate as raters of intelligibility but we lack information about whether they rate intelligibility in the same way as the gene... Read More about Rating the intelligibility of dysarthic speech amongst people with Parkinson’s Disease: a comparison of trained and untrained listeners.

Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults (2018)
Journal Article
Herd, C. P., Tomlinson, C. L., Rick, C., Scotton, W. J., Edwards, J., Ives, N., Clarke, C. E., & Sinclair, A. (2018). Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Article CD011616. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD011616.pub2

Background
Migraine occurs in around 15% of adults and is ranked as the seventh most disabling disease amongst all diseases globally. Despite the available treatments many people suffer prolonged and frequent attacks which have a major impact on the... Read More about Botulinum toxins for the prevention of migraine in adults.

Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomised controlled trial (PD COMM pilot) (2018)
Journal Article
Sackley, C. M., Smith, C. H., Rick, C. E., Brady, M. C., Ives, N., Patel, S., Woolley, R., Dowling, F., Patel, R., Roberts, H., Jowett, S., Wheatley, K., Kelly, D., Sands, G., & Clarke, C. E. (2018). Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomised controlled trial (PD COMM pilot). Pilot and Feasibility Studies, 4, 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40814-017-0222-z

Background: Speech-related problems are common in Parkinson’s disease (PD), but there is little evidence for the effectiveness of standard speech and language therapy (SLT) or Lee Silverman Voice Treatment (LSVT LOUD®).
Methods: The PD COMM pilot wa... Read More about Lee Silverman Voice Treatment versus standard speech and language therapy versus control in Parkinson’s disease: a pilot randomised controlled trial (PD COMM pilot).

Randomised controlled trial of bariatric surgery versus a community weight loss programme for the sustained treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Weight Trial (IIH:WT) protocol (2017)
Journal Article
Ottridge, R., Mollan, S. P., Botfield, H., Frew, E., Ives, N. J., Matthews, T., Mitchell, J., Rick, C., Singhal, R., Woolley, R., & Sinclair, A. J. (2017). Randomised controlled trial of bariatric surgery versus a community weight loss programme for the sustained treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Weight Trial (IIH:WT) protocol. BMJ Open, 7(9), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-017426

Introduction: Effective treatments are lacking for idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH), a condition characterised by raised intracranial pressure (ICP) and papilloedema, and found primarily in obese women. Weight loss and lowering body mass in... Read More about Randomised controlled trial of bariatric surgery versus a community weight loss programme for the sustained treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertension: the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Weight Trial (IIH:WT) protocol.

Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of an 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor (AZD4017) in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Drug Trial, IIH:DT: Clinical Methods and Design for a Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial (2017)
Journal Article
Markey, K. A., Ottridge, R., Mitchell, J. L., Rick, C., Woolley, R., Ives, N., Nightingale, P., & Sinclair, A. J. (2017). Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of an 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor (AZD4017) in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Drug Trial, IIH:DT: Clinical Methods and Design for a Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial. JMIR Research Protocols, 6(9), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.2196/resprot.7806

Background: Idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) is a condition with few effective management options. So far, there have been no randomized controlled trials evaluating new treatments in IIH.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper is to outl... Read More about Assessing the Efficacy and Safety of an 11β-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 Inhibitor (AZD4017) in the Idiopathic Intracranial Hypertension Drug Trial, IIH:DT: Clinical Methods and Design for a Phase II Randomized Controlled Trial.

The PD COMM trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial assessing the effectiveness of two types of SLT for people with Parkinson’s disease (2017)
Journal Article
Masterson-Algar, P., Burton, C. R., Brady, M. C., Nicoll, A., Clarke, C. E., Rick, C., Hughes, M., Au, P., Smith, C. H., & Sackley, C. M. (2017). The PD COMM trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial assessing the effectiveness of two types of SLT for people with Parkinson’s disease. Trials, 18(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-017-2130-1

Background
The PD COMM trial is a phase III multi-centre randomised controlled trial whose aim is to evaluate the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of two approaches to speech and language therapy (SLT) compared with no SLT intervention (control)... Read More about The PD COMM trial: a protocol for the process evaluation of a randomised trial assessing the effectiveness of two types of SLT for people with Parkinson’s disease.

Coding accuracy for Parkinson's disease hospital admissions: implications for healthcare planning in the UK (2017)
Journal Article
Muzerengi, S., Rick, C., Begaj, I., Ives, N., Evison, F., Woolley, R., & Clarke, C. (2017). Coding accuracy for Parkinson's disease hospital admissions: implications for healthcare planning in the UK. Public Health, 146, 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2016.12.024

Objectives
Hospital Episode Statistics data are used for healthcare planning and hospital reimbursements. Reliability of these data is dependent on the accuracy of individual hospitals reporting Secondary Uses Service (SUS) which includes hospitalis... Read More about Coding accuracy for Parkinson's disease hospital admissions: implications for healthcare planning in the UK.

Refining Ovarian Cancer Test accuracy Scores (ROCkeTS): protocol for a prospective longitudinal test accuracy study to validate new risk scores in women with symptoms of suspected ovarian cancer (2016)
Journal Article
Sundar, S., Rick, C., Dowling, F., Au, P., Snell, K., Rai, N., Champaneria, R., Stobart, H., Neal, R., Davenport, C., Mallett, S., Sutton, A., Kehoe, S., Timmerman, D., Bourne, T., Van Calster, B., Gentry-Maharaj, A., Menon, U., & Deeks, J. (2016). Refining Ovarian Cancer Test accuracy Scores (ROCkeTS): protocol for a prospective longitudinal test accuracy study to validate new risk scores in women with symptoms of suspected ovarian cancer. BMJ Open, 6(8), Article e010333. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010333

© 2016 Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. Ovarian cancer (OC) is associated with non-specific symptoms such as bloating, making accurate diagnosis challenging: only 1 in 3 women with OC presents through primary care referral. National Ins... Read More about Refining Ovarian Cancer Test accuracy Scores (ROCkeTS): protocol for a prospective longitudinal test accuracy study to validate new risk scores in women with symptoms of suspected ovarian cancer.

Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy and occupational therapy versus no therapy in mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease: a large pragmatic randomised controlled trial (PD REHAB) (2016)
Journal Article
Clarke, C. E., Patel, S., Ives, N., Rick, C. E., Woolley, R., Wheatley, K., Walker, M. F., Zhu, S., Kandiyali, R., Yao, G., & Sackley, C. M. (2016). Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy and occupational therapy versus no therapy in mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease: a large pragmatic randomised controlled trial (PD REHAB). Health Technology Assessment, 20(63), https://doi.org/10.3310/hta20630

Background

Cochrane reviews of physiotherapy (PT) and occupational therapy (OT) for Parkinson’s disease found insufficient evidence of effectiveness, but previous trials were methodologically flawed with small sample size and short-term follow-up.... Read More about Clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of physiotherapy and occupational therapy versus no therapy in mild to moderate Parkinson’s disease: a large pragmatic randomised controlled trial (PD REHAB).

Patients’ experiences of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a qualitative systematic review and synthesis (2016)
Journal Article
Mathers, J., Rick, C., Jenkinson, C., Garside, R., Pall, H., Mitchell, R., Bayliss, S., & Jones, L. L. (2016). Patients’ experiences of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a qualitative systematic review and synthesis. BMJ Open, 6(6), 1-10. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011525

Objective: To review and synthesise qualitative research studies that have explored patients’ experience of deep brain stimulation (DBS) in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD).

Design: Systematic review and meta-synthesis of 7 original papers, using... Read More about Patients’ experiences of deep brain stimulation for Parkinson's disease: a qualitative systematic review and synthesis.