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Democracy in South Asia: Getting beyond the Structure-Agency Dichotomy (2004)
Journal Article
(2004). Democracy in South Asia: Getting beyond the Structure-Agency Dichotomy. Political Studies, 52(1), 1 - 8. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9248.2004.00461.x

With reference to South Asia, we argue that recourse to the conventional structuralist and transition accounts of democratisation sustains an unhelpful dichotomy. Those approaches tend towards either determinism or agent-driven contingency. In contra... Read More about Democracy in South Asia: Getting beyond the Structure-Agency Dichotomy.

Radiative transfer through the intergalactic medium (2004)
Journal Article
Bolton, J., Meiksin, A., & White, M. (2004). Radiative transfer through the intergalactic medium. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 348(3), L43-L48. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2966.2004.07567.x

We use a probabilistic method to compute the propagation of an ionization front corresponding to the reionization of the intergalactic medium in a Λ-cold dark matter (ΛCDM) cosmology, including both hydrogen and helium. The effects of radiative trans... Read More about Radiative transfer through the intergalactic medium.

Does the abundance of hoverfly mimics (Syrphidae) depend on the numbers of their hymenopteran models ? (2004)
Journal Article
Howarth, B., Edmunds, M., & Gilbert, F. (2004). Does the abundance of hoverfly mimics (Syrphidae) depend on the numbers of their hymenopteran models ?. Evolution, 58(2), 367-375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb01652.x

We tested the prediction that, if hoverflies are Batesian mimics, this may extend to behavioral mimicry such that their numerical abundance at each hour of the day (the daily activity pattern) is related to the numbers of their hymenopteran models. A... Read More about Does the abundance of hoverfly mimics (Syrphidae) depend on the numbers of their hymenopteran models ?.

The Ubiquitin Ligase SCF Fbw7 Antagonizes Apoptotic JNK Signaling (2004)
Journal Article
Nateri, A. S., Riera-Sans, L., Da Costa, C., & Behrens, A. (2004). The Ubiquitin Ligase SCF Fbw7 Antagonizes Apoptotic JNK Signaling. Science, 303(5662), 1374-1378. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1092880

Jun N-terminal kinases (JNKs) are essential for neuronal microtubute assembly and apoptosis. Phosphorylation of the activating protein 1 (AP1) transcription factor c-Jun, at multiple sites within its transactivation domain, is required for JNK-induce... Read More about The Ubiquitin Ligase SCF Fbw7 Antagonizes Apoptotic JNK Signaling.

Galanin-Like Peptide Stimulates the Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Vitro and May Mediate the Effects of Leptin on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis (2004)
Journal Article
Seth, A., Stanley, S., Jethwa, P., Gardiner, J., Ghatei, M., & Bloom, S. (2004). Galanin-Like Peptide Stimulates the Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Vitro and May Mediate the Effects of Leptin on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis. Endocrinology, 145(2), 743-750. https://doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-0873

Leptin regulates the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis in relation to nutritional status. The mechanism through which leptin mediates its effects on neuroendocrine reproductive circuits remains unclear. Galanin-like peptide (GALP) is a recently iden... Read More about Galanin-Like Peptide Stimulates the Release of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone in Vitro and May Mediate the Effects of Leptin on the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis.

An assessment of the bioaccumulation of estrone in Daphnia magna (2004)
Journal Article
Gomes, R. L., Deacon, H. E., Lai, K. M., Birkett, J. W., Scrimshaw, M. D., & Lester, J. N. (2004). An assessment of the bioaccumulation of estrone in Daphnia magna. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 23(1), 105-108. https://doi.org/10.1897/02-613

The bioaccumulation of estrone by Daphnia magna was determined. Direct uptake via the aqueous medium occurred within the first 16 h. A bioconcentration factor of 228 was established over all temporal periods. Ingestion via Chlorella vulgaris gave a p... Read More about An assessment of the bioaccumulation of estrone in Daphnia magna.

Efficient delivery of Cre-recombinase to neurons in vivo and stable transduction of neurons using adeno-associated and lentiviral vectors (2004)
Journal Article
Ahmed, B., Chakravarthy, S., Eggers, R., Hermens, W., Zhang, J., Niclou, S., Levelt, C., Sablitzky, F., Anderson, P., Lieberman, A., & Verhaagen, J. (2004). Efficient delivery of Cre-recombinase to neurons in vivo and stable transduction of neurons using adeno-associated and lentiviral vectors. BMC Neuroscience, 5(1), Article 4. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2202-5-4

BACKGROUND: Inactivating genes in vivo is an important technique for establishing their function in the adult nervous system. Unfortunately, conventional knockout mice may suffer from several limitations including embryonic or perinatal lethality and... Read More about Efficient delivery of Cre-recombinase to neurons in vivo and stable transduction of neurons using adeno-associated and lentiviral vectors.

An Indirect Genetic Algorithm for a Nurse Scheduling Problem (2004)
Journal Article
Aickelin, U., & Dowsland, K. (2004). An Indirect Genetic Algorithm for a Nurse Scheduling Problem. Computers and Operations Research, 31(5), https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-0548%2803%2900034-0

This paper describes a Genetic Algorithms approach to a manpower-scheduling problem arising at a major UK hospital. Although Genetic Algorithms have been successfully used for similar problems in the past, they always had to overcome the limitations... Read More about An Indirect Genetic Algorithm for a Nurse Scheduling Problem.

Building Better Nurse Scheduling Algorithms (2004)
Journal Article
Aickelin, U., & White, P. (2004). Building Better Nurse Scheduling Algorithms. Annals of Operations Research, 128, https://doi.org/10.1023/B%3AANOR.0000019103.31340.a6

The aim of this research is twofold: Firstly, to model and solve a complex nurse scheduling problem with an integer programming formulation and evolutionary algorithms. Secondly, to detail a novel statistical method of comparing and hence building be... Read More about Building Better Nurse Scheduling Algorithms.

Poor encoding of position by contrast-defined motion (2004)
Journal Article
Allen, H. A., Ledgeway, T., & Hess, R. F. (2004). Poor encoding of position by contrast-defined motion. Vision Research, 44(17), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.visres.2004.03.025

Second-order (contrast-defined) motion stimuli lead to poor performance on a number of tasks, including discriminating form from motion and visual search. To investigate this deficiency, we tested the ability of human observers to monitor multiple re... Read More about Poor encoding of position by contrast-defined motion.

Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth (2004)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U. (2004). Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth. Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, 36,

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) including nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-) are associated with cell migration, proliferation and many growth-related diseases. The objective of this study was to determine whether there was a reciprocal relat... Read More about Nitric oxide synthase and NAD(P)H oxidase modulate coronary endothelial cell growth.

High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells (2004)
Journal Article
Bayraktutan, U., Weidig, P., McMaster, D., & Ulker, S. (2004). High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells

Objective: Excess levels of free radicals such as nitric oxide (NO) and superoxide anion (O2-)are associated with the pathogenesis of endothelial cell dysfunction in diabetes mellitus. This study was designed to investigate the underlying causes of o... Read More about High glucose mediates prooxidant and antioxidant enzyme activities in coronary endothelial cells.

Variation in the helminth community structure in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane wadis in the St Katherine region of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt (2004)
Journal Article
Behnke, J. M., Harris, P. D., Bajer, A., Barnard, C. J., Sherif, N. E., Cliffe, L., Hurst, J., Lamb, M., Rhodes, A., James, M., Clifford, S., Gilbert, F., & Zalat, S. (2004). Variation in the helminth community structure in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane wadis in the St Katherine region of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Parasitology, 129(3), https://doi.org/10.1017/S003118200400558X

We compared helminth communities in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from 4 wadis in the arid montane region of the southern Sinai in Egypt, in a 4-week period in late summer. Total helminth species richness was 14 (8 nematodes, 5 cestodes and 1 acanth... Read More about Variation in the helminth community structure in spiny mice (Acomys dimidiatus) from four montane wadis in the St Katherine region of the Sinai Peninsula in Egypt.

Databases "sui generis" right: should we adopt the spin-off theory? (2004)
Journal Article
Derclaye, E. (2004). Databases "sui generis" right: should we adopt the spin-off theory?. European Intellectual Property Review, 26(9),

Eight years have passed since the Database Directive was enacted. A relatively abundant body of case law has now emerged but courts remain divided or uncertain over a number of issues. One of them is the most important question of the protection re... Read More about Databases "sui generis" right: should we adopt the spin-off theory?.

Social Policy and Time (2004)
Journal Article
Fitzpatrick, T. (2004). Social Policy and Time. Time and Society, 13(2/3),

Time is crucial to the implementation, operation and effectiveness of social policies, yet the subject has often treated the meaning of time as theoretically unproblematic. It focuses more upon what policies do and less upon the contexts within whi... Read More about Social Policy and Time.