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Extra-gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease may be less common than previously reported (2016)
Journal Article
Card, T. R., Langan, S. M., & Chu, T. P. (2016). Extra-gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease may be less common than previously reported. Digestive Diseases and Sciences, 61(9), 2619-2626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10620-016-4195-1

Extra-intestinal manifestations are well recognized in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). To what extent the commonly recognized extra-intestinal manifestations seen in IBD patients are attributable to IBD is, however, not clear due to the limited num... Read More about Extra-gastrointestinal manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease may be less common than previously reported.

Calculating total health service utilisation and costs from routinely collected electronic health records using the example of patients with irritable bowel syndrome before and after their first gastroenterology appointment (2015)
Journal Article
Canavan, C., West, J., & Card, T. R. (in press). Calculating total health service utilisation and costs from routinely collected electronic health records using the example of patients with irritable bowel syndrome before and after their first gastroenterology appointment. PharmacoEconomics, 34(2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40273-015-0339-y

INTRODUCTION: Health economic models are increasingly important in funding decisions but most are based on data, which may therefore not represent the general population. We sought to establish the potential of real-world data available within the Cl... Read More about Calculating total health service utilisation and costs from routinely collected electronic health records using the example of patients with irritable bowel syndrome before and after their first gastroenterology appointment.

Change in quality of life for patients with irritable bowel syndrome following referral to a gastroenterologist: a cohort study (2015)
Journal Article
Canavan, C., West, J., & Card, T. R. (2015). Change in quality of life for patients with irritable bowel syndrome following referral to a gastroenterologist: a cohort study. PLoS ONE, 10(10), Article e0139389. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0139389

BACKGROUND: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), a chronic functional condition, considerably reduces quality of life (QoL) and referral to gastroenterology is common. Until now, however, the impact of seeing a gastroenterologist for IBS on patients’ QoL... Read More about Change in quality of life for patients with irritable bowel syndrome following referral to a gastroenterologist: a cohort study.

Causes of death in people with coeliac disease in England compared with the general population: a competing risk analysis (2015)
Journal Article
Abdul Sultan, A., Crooks, C. J., Card, T. R., Tata, L. J., Fleming, K. M., & West, J. (2015). Causes of death in people with coeliac disease in England compared with the general population: a competing risk analysis. Gut, 64(8), https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2014-308285

INTRODUCTION: Quantifying excess cause-specific mortality among people with coeliac disease (CD) compared with the general population accounting for competing risks will allow accurate information to be given on risk of death from specific causes.... Read More about Causes of death in people with coeliac disease in England compared with the general population: a competing risk analysis.

Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography (2015)
Journal Article
Harman, D. J., Ryder, S. D., James, M. W., Jelpke, M., Ottey, D. S., Wilkes, E. A., …Guha, I. N. (2015). Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography. BMJ Open, 5(4), Article e007516. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2014-007516

OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of a novel diagnostic algorithm targeting patients with risk factors for chronic liver disease in a community setting. DESIGN: Prospective cross-sectional study. SETTING: Two primary care practices (adult... Read More about Direct targeting of risk factors significantly increases the detection of liver cirrhosis in primary care: a cross-sectional diagnostic study utilising transient elastography.

Socioeconomic variation in the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in the UK (2015)
Journal Article
Zingone, F., West, J., Crooks, C. J., Fleming, K. M., Card, T. R., Ciacci,, C., & Tata, L. J. (2015). Socioeconomic variation in the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in the UK. Archives of Disease in Childhood, 100(5), https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2014-307105

BACKGROUND: Serological studies indicate that evidence of coeliac disease (CD) exists in about 1% of all children, but we lack estimates of current diagnostic patterns among children and how they vary by socioeconomic group. METHODS: We identifie... Read More about Socioeconomic variation in the incidence of childhood coeliac disease in the UK.

Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high-risk groups (2014)
Journal Article
Ludvigsson, J. F., Card, T. R., Kaukinen, K., Bai, J., Zingone, F., Sanders, D. S., & Murray, J. A. (in press). Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high-risk groups. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640614561668

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease (CD) occurs in approximately 1% of the Western population. It is a lifelong disorder that is associated with impaired quality of life (QOL) and an excessive risk of comorbidity and death. OBJECTIVES: To review the liter... Read More about Screening for celiac disease in the general population and in high-risk groups.

Psychological morbidity of celiac disease: a review of the literature (2014)
Journal Article
Zingone, F., Swift, G. L., Card, T. R., Sanders, D. S., Ludvigsson, J. F., & Bai, J. C. (2015). Psychological morbidity of celiac disease: a review of the literature. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 3(2), https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640614560786

BACKGROUND: Celiac disease has been linked to decreased quality of life and certain mood disorders. The effect of the gluten free diet on these psychological aspects of the disease is still unclear. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this article is to... Read More about Psychological morbidity of celiac disease: a review of the literature.

Are IBD patients more likely to have a prior diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome?: report of a case-control study in the General Practice Research Database (2014)
Journal Article
Card, T. R., Siffledeen, J., & Fleming, K. M. (2014). Are IBD patients more likely to have a prior diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome?: report of a case-control study in the General Practice Research Database. United European Gastroenterology Journal, 2(6), https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640614554217

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients are sometimes first diagnosed with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which may be construed as a misdiagnosis. Objective: The objective of this article is to determine if this occurs more than ex... Read More about Are IBD patients more likely to have a prior diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome?: report of a case-control study in the General Practice Research Database.

The incidence of other gastroenterological disease following diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK: a cohort study (2014)
Journal Article
Canavan, C., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2014). The incidence of other gastroenterological disease following diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK: a cohort study. PLoS ONE, 9(9), Article e106478. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0106478

BACKGROUND: Guidelines recommend Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) diagnosis and management in primary care with minimal investigations; however little evidence exists regarding risk of organic gastrointestinal conditions following diagnosis of IBS and... Read More about The incidence of other gastroenterological disease following diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome in the UK: a cohort study.

Review article: the economic impact of the irritable bowel syndrome (2014)
Journal Article
Canavan, C., West, J., & Card, T. R. (in press). Review article: the economic impact of the irritable bowel syndrome. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 40(9), https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.12938

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional disorder of the gastrointestinal system affecting a large number of people worldwide. Whilst it has no attributable mortality, it has substantial impact on patients' quality of life (... Read More about Review article: the economic impact of the irritable bowel syndrome.

Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology (2014)
Journal Article
Ludvigsson, J. F., Bai, J. C., Biagi, F., Card, T. R., Ciacci, C., Ciclitira, P. J., …Sanders, D. S. (2014). Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology. Gut, 63(8), https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2013-306578

A multidisciplinary panel of 18 physicians and 3 non-physicians from eight countries (Sweden, UK, Argentina, Australia, Italy, Finland, Norway and the USA) reviewed the literature on diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease (CD). This paper... Read More about Diagnosis and management of adult coeliac disease: guidelines from the British Society of Gastroenterology.

Variation in the risk of venous thromboembolism in people with colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study from England (2014)
Journal Article
Walker, A., West, J., Card, T. R., Humes, D., & Grainge, M. J. (2014). Variation in the risk of venous thromboembolism in people with colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study from England. Journal of Thrombosis and Haemostasis, 12(5), https://doi.org/10.1111/jth.12533

BACKGROUND: Patients with colorectal cancer are at high risk of developing venous thromboembolism (VTE), and recent international guidelines have advised extended prophylaxis for some of these patients following surgery or during chemotherapy. Howeve... Read More about Variation in the risk of venous thromboembolism in people with colorectal cancer: a population-based cohort study from England.

The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome (2014)
Journal Article
Canavan, C., West, J., & Card, T. R. (2014). The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome. Clinical Epidemiology, 6, https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S40245

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional condition of the bowel that is diagnosed using clinical criteria. This paper discusses the nature of the diagnostic process for IBS and how this impacts epidemiological measurements. Depending on the dia... Read More about The epidemiology of irritable bowel syndrome.

The communication of a secondary care diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis to primary care practitioners: a population-based study (2013)
Journal Article
Varyani, F., Card, T. R., Kaye, P., Aithal, G. P., & West, J. (2013). The communication of a secondary care diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis to primary care practitioners: a population-based study. BMC Health Services Research, 13(161), Article 161. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-161

Background Autoimmune Hepatitis is a chronic liver disease which affects young people and can result in liver failure leading to death or transplantation yet there is a lack of information on the incidence and prevalence of this disease and its natu... Read More about The communication of a secondary care diagnosis of autoimmune hepatitis to primary care practitioners: a population-based study.

Excess long-term mortality following non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a population-based cohort study (2013)
Journal Article
Crooks, C. J., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2013). Excess long-term mortality following non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a population-based cohort study. PLoS Medicine, 10(4), Article e1001437. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.1001437

Background It is unclear whether an upper gastrointestinal bleed is an isolated gastrointestinal event or an indicator of a deterioration in a patient's overall health status. Therefore, we investigated the excess causes of death in individuals afte... Read More about Excess long-term mortality following non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a population-based cohort study.

All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study (2011)
Journal Article
Fleming, K. M., Aithal, G. P., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2012). All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study. Liver International, 32(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02517.x

Background: Mortality due to cirrhosis has tripled over the last 30 years in the UK. However, we lack adequate, contemporary, population-based estimates of the excess mortality patients who are at risk compared with the general population. Aim: To d... Read More about All-cause mortality in people with cirrhosis compared with the general population: a population-based cohort study.

Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study (2007)
Journal Article
Jackson, H., Solaymani-Dodaran, M., Card, T. R., Aithal, G. P., Logan, R., & West, J. (2007). Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study. Hepatology, 46(4), 1131-1137. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21795

There is debate over the mortality and malignancy risk in people with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and whether this risk is reduced by use of ursodeoxycholic acid. To investigate this issue, we identified 930 people with PBC and 9,202 control subj... Read More about Influence of ursodeoxycholic acid on the mortality and malignancy associated with primary biliary cirrhosis: A population-based cohort study.