All Outputs (40)

A Liquid Metal‐Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel (2025)
Journal Article
Fang, X., Qu, Z., Alqurashi, K. Y., Kelly, J. R., & Alkaraki, S. (2025). A Liquid Metal‐Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 67(2), Article e70112. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.70112

In this letter, a novel frequency reconfigurable antenna with the aid of liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna incorporates a 3D-printed fluidic channel, which is placed cross to the metallized part of radiator. Compared to general meandere... Read More about A Liquid Metal‐Based Frequency Reconfigurable Patch Antenna With Cross Placed Fluidic Channel.

Power Transmission for Millimeter-Wave Indoor/Outdoor Wearable IoT Devices Using Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Fed On-Body Antenna (2025)
Journal Article
Erman, F., Koziel, S., Zyoud, A., Leifsson, L., Ullah, U., & Alkaraki, S. (2025). Power Transmission for Millimeter-Wave Indoor/Outdoor Wearable IoT Devices Using Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Fed On-Body Antenna. IEEE Access, 13, https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2025.3528871

This paper presents for the first-time evaluation of wireless power transmission (WPT) for sustainable low-powered Internet of Things (IoT) devices in realistic indoor/outdoor scenarios using empirical propagation models at 28 GHz. The used empirical... Read More about Power Transmission for Millimeter-Wave Indoor/Outdoor Wearable IoT Devices Using Grounded Coplanar Waveguide-Fed On-Body Antenna.

A Microwave Subsystem (MS) Capable of Realizing Functional Change with the Aid of 2D-shaped Liquid Metal (LM) (2024)
Journal Article
Fang, X., Alkaraki, S., & Kelly, J. R. (2024). A Microwave Subsystem (MS) Capable of Realizing Functional Change with the Aid of 2D-shaped Liquid Metal (LM). Progress In Electromagnetics Research B, 108, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.2528/pierb24062303

This paper presents the first microwave subsystem (MS) capable of changing its function, in this case between resonator and antenna, using liquid metal (LM). This is achieved by filling/emptying fluidic channels with Gallium-based LM and forming LM i... Read More about A Microwave Subsystem (MS) Capable of Realizing Functional Change with the Aid of 2D-shaped Liquid Metal (LM).

A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications (2024)
Journal Article
Fang, X., Kelly, J. R., & Alkaraki, S. (2024). A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 66(7), Article e34240. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.34240

In this letter, a simply accessed approach of 2D shaping liquid metal (LM) is presented. This approach allows a microwave device to take advantage of LM in both stretchability and removability. This approach is achieved based on the Young-Laplace the... Read More about A Simply Accessed Approach of 2D Shaping Liquid Metal in Microwave Device Applications.

Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Erman, F., Jilani, S. F., Wang, Z., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2024, March). Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna. Paper presented at 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Glasgow, United Kingdom

A design for a phased array antenna using liquid metal (LM) technology is presented. The phased array antenna uses substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) feeding structure to excite a 1×4 printed dipole antenna array. The phase distribution on SIW pow... Read More about Liquid Metal Reconfigurable Phased Array Antenna.

A Compact High-Gain 28 GHz Antenna Array for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Meates, I., Alkaraki, S., Aslam, M., Abbasi, Q., Evans, A., & Jilani, S. F. (2024, March). A Compact High-Gain 28 GHz Antenna Array for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks. Paper presented at 2024 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Glasgow, United Kingdom

In this paper a novel, high-gain corporate-fed 16-element circular patch array featuring a coplanar waveguide (CPW) feed and parasitic loop is proposed for beyond 5G and future 6G applications. An ultra-thin Rogers RO4003C substrate of 0.02 mm thickn... Read More about A Compact High-Gain 28 GHz Antenna Array for Beyond 5G Wireless Networks.

Circuits and Antennas Reconfigured using Gallium-based Liquid Metal (2024)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Kelly, J. R., & Alkaraki, S. (2024, February). Circuits and Antennas Reconfigured using Gallium-based Liquid Metal. Presented at 2024 National Conference on Communications (NCC 2024), Chennai, India

Wireless telecommunication systems incorporate a range of components (or circuits), including: filters, power splitters, couplers, etc.. They also require antennas to launch electromagnetic energy into the air. Typically, the performance parameters o... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Reconfigured using Gallium-based Liquid Metal.

X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Quan Wei Lin, Q., Jilani, S. F., Wong, H., Borja, A., Tang, S., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. (2023, December). X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies. Paper presented at 18th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP 2024), Glasgow, UK

This paper presents three reconfigurable phase shifters operate at X-band and designed utilizing liquid metal (LM). The phase shifters operate at 10 GHz and they have very low insertion loss performance and able to handle high levels of radio frequen... Read More about X-Band Reconfigurable Phase Shifters Based on SIW and Liquid Metal Technologies.

mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Qu, Z., & Kelly, J. R. (2024). mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology. IEEE Microwave and Wireless Technology Letters, 34(2), 155-158. https://doi.org/10.1109/LMWT.2023.3339200

This letter presents the proof of concept of first liquid metal (LM)-based millimeter-wave (mm-wave) phase shifter that have very low insertion loss (IL) performance. The proposed phase shifter has a phase shift up to 360° with a phase resolution of... Read More about mm-Wave Low Insertion Loss SIW Phase Shifter Based on Liquid Metal Technology.

10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q. W., Borja, A. L., Wang, Z., Wong, H., Tang, S., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 71(11), 5045 -5059. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2023.3308160

This article presents a proof of concept demonstrator for a pair of novel phase shifters based on substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) technology. Gallium-based liquid metal (LM) is used to reconfigure each phase shifter. This article presents LM pha... Read More about 10 GHz Low Loss Liquid Metal SIW Phase Shifter for Phased Array Antennas.

Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters (2023)
Journal Article
Alkaraki, S., Lin, Q.-W., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., & Wong, H. (2023). Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters. IEEE Access, 11, 96987-97000. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3308068

This paper introduces a proof of concept design for the first phased array antenna design enabled by liquid metal (LM) technology. The proposed LM phased array antenna system is based on substrate integrated waveguides (SIW) to excite an 1×4 printed... Read More about Phased Array Antenna System Enabled by Liquid Metal Phase Shifters.

Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal (2023)
Journal Article
Wu, Y.-W., Alkaraki, S., Tang, S.-Y., Wang, Y., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal. Proceedings of the IEEE, 111(8), 955-977. https://doi.org/10.1109/JPROC.2023.3285400

This article reviews the application and technology advancement of gallium (Ga)-based liquid metal (LM) in high-frequency circuits and antennas. It discusses the material properties of common LMs, the fluidic channels used to contain LM and their man... Read More about Circuits and Antennas Incorporating Gallium-Based Liquid Metal.

Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Fabianczyk, R. D., Alkaraki, S., Aslam, M., Abbasi, Q., Evans, A., & Jilani, S. F. (2023, March). Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications. Presented at 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2023, Florence, Italy

This paper presents a millimeter-wave (mmwave) multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for the fifth-generation (5G) networks and beyond. The proposed antenna frontend aims to deliver a high gain and bandwidth, planar configuration for a compac... Read More about Millimetre-wave Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output Antenna Frontend for Beyond 5G Applications.

Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication (2023)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Wang, C., Kelly, J., & Jilani, S. F. (2023, March). Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication. Presented at 17th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation, EuCAP 2023, Florence, Italy

This paper presents a mm-wave phased array antenna enabled by Liquid Metal technology. The proposed mm-wave phased array antenna operate on 26 GHz band and it is intended for 5G wireless applications. The proposed array consists of 1 × 4 array of pri... Read More about Liquid Metal mm-Wave Phased Array Antenna for 5G Wireless Communication.

Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna (2023)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Zhou, Y., Alkaraki, S., Kelly, J. R., & Gao, Y. (2023). Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna. IEEE Access, 11, 4095-4104. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3235597

A continuously steerable patch antenna employing liquid metal is presented. The proposed antenna employs a novel tunable ground plane together with parasitic steering to steer the direction of the main beam. The tunable ground plane consists of a per... Read More about Continuous Beam Steering Realized by Tunable Ground in a Patch Antenna.

A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane (2022)
Journal Article
Qu, Z., Kelly, J. R., Wang, Z., Alkaraki, S., & Gao, Y. (2023). A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 22(5), 1045-1049. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2022.3231872

This letter presents a novel reconfigurable microstrip patch antenna that is reconfigured using liquid metal. The proposed antenna employs two approaches in unison to switch the direction of the main beam. Specifically, the antenna uses the parasitic... Read More about A Reconfigurable Microstrip Patch Antenna With Switchable Liquid-Metal Ground Plane.

A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial (2022)
Journal Article
Lin, Q.-W., Alkaraki, S., Wong, H., & Kelly, J. R. (2023). A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, 71(2), 1254-1262. https://doi.org/10.1109/tap.2022.3225157

This article presents a novel circularly polarized (CP) antenna based on an anisotropic metamaterial. The antenna is capable of performing linear-to-circular polarization conversion over a wideband of frequencies in the X-band (8-12 GHz). The propose... Read More about A Wideband Circularly Polarized Antenna Based on Anisotropic Metamaterial.

Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G (2022)
Book Chapter
Mittra, R., Nasri, A., Arya, R. K., Chaudhary, P., Ketty, J. R., ALkaraki, S., & Borja, A. L. (2022). Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G. In Y. Jay Guo, & R. W. Ziolkowski (Eds.), Antenna and Array Technologies for Future Wireless Ecosystems (43-82). Wiley-IEEE Press. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119813910.ch2

This chapter presents a number of novel concepts for designing antenna arrays, which achieve high gain levels together with wide-angle scan capability. It begins with the Luneburg lens antenna, which supports beam scanning over a very wide angular ra... Read More about Techniques for Designing High Gain and Two‐Dimensional Beam Scanning Antennas for 5 G.

Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Alkaraki, S., Borja, A. L., Kelly, J., Jilani, S. F., Mittra, R., & Gao, Y. (2022, March). Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal. Presented at 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Madrid, Spain

This paper presents substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) phase shifter that can be reconfigured using liquid metal. The phase shifter is developed to be used for antenna applications. This digital phase shifter incorporates a series of holes which ca... Read More about Phase Reconfiguration via SIW Structures Filled with Liquid Metal.

3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems (2022)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Khan, Z. U., Alkaraki, S., Abbasi, Q. H., Imran, M. A., Loh, T. H., & Alomainy, A. (2022, March). 3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems. Presented at 2022 16th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation (EuCAP), Madrid, Spain

This paper introduces a 3D printed slotted waveguide linear antenna array at 28 GHz. The proposed antenna offers the advantages of low fabrication cost and reduced weight compared to the metallic slotted waveguide antenna array. The proposed design c... Read More about 3D Printed Slotted Waveguide Antenna Array for Millimeter-wave Communication Systems.