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New insights into microwave pyrolysis of biomass: preparation of carbon-based products from pecan nutshells and their application in wastewater treatment (2017)
Journal Article
Duran Jimenez, G., Monti, T., Titman, J. J., Hernandez-Montoya, V., Kingman, S., & Binner, E. (2017). New insights into microwave pyrolysis of biomass: preparation of carbon-based products from pecan nutshells and their application in wastewater treatment. Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis, 124, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.02.013

Microwave pyrolysis of pecan nutshell (Carya illinoinensis) biomass was used to produce carbon-based solid products with potential application in contaminated water treatment.

A range of analytical techniques were applied to characterize the inter... Read More about New insights into microwave pyrolysis of biomass: preparation of carbon-based products from pecan nutshells and their application in wastewater treatment.

Enhancing natural product extraction and mass transfer using selective microwave heating (2016)
Journal Article
Lee, C. S., Binner, E., Winkworth-Smith, C., John, R., Gomes, R., & Robinson, J. (2016). Enhancing natural product extraction and mass transfer using selective microwave heating. Chemical Engineering Science, 149, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2016.04.031

This study uses a combination of empirical observations and an analysis of mass transfer behaviour to yield new insights into the mechanism of microwave assisted extraction. Enhancements in extraction rate and yield were observed experimentally compa... Read More about Enhancing natural product extraction and mass transfer using selective microwave heating.

Development and evaluation of a continuous microwave processing system for hydrocarbon removal from solids (2015)
Journal Article
Buttress, A., Binner, E., Yi, C., Palade, P., Robinson, J., & Kingman, S. (2016). Development and evaluation of a continuous microwave processing system for hydrocarbon removal from solids. Chemical Engineering Journal, 283, 215-222. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2015.07.030

A continuous conveyor-belt processing concept using microwave heating was developed and evaluated. Four hydrocarbon-contaminated soils were used as model feedstocks, and the degree of organic removal was assessed against the power and energy input t... Read More about Development and evaluation of a continuous microwave processing system for hydrocarbon removal from solids.

Optimisation of extraction and sludge dewatering efficiencies of bio-flocculants extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra) (2015)
Journal Article
Lee, S. L., Chong, M. F., Robinson, J. P., & Binner, E. (2015). Optimisation of extraction and sludge dewatering efficiencies of bio-flocculants extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra). Journal of Environmental Management, 157, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.04.028

The production of natural biopolymers as flocculants for water treatment is highly desirable due to their inherent low toxicity and low environmental footprint. In this study, bio-flocculants were extracted from Hibiscus/Abelmoschus esculentus (okra)... Read More about Optimisation of extraction and sludge dewatering efficiencies of bio-flocculants extracted from Abelmoschus esculentus (okra).

A review on development and application of plant-based bioflocculants and grafted bioflocculants (2014)
Journal Article
Lee, C. S., Chong, M. F., Robinson, J. P., & Binner, E. (2014). A review on development and application of plant-based bioflocculants and grafted bioflocculants. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 53(48), 18357-18369. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie5034045

Flocculation is extensively employed for clarification through sedimentation. Application of eco-friendly plant-based bioflocculants in wastewater treatment has attracted significant attention lately with high removal capability in terms of solids, t... Read More about A review on development and application of plant-based bioflocculants and grafted bioflocculants.

Microwave processing of oil sands and contribution of clay minerals (2014)
Journal Article
Robinson, J. P., Binner, E., Saeid, A., Al-Harahsheh, M., & Kingman, S. (2014). Microwave processing of oil sands and contribution of clay minerals. Fuel, 135, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.06.057

This study establishes the feasibility of microwave heating for extracting oil from Oil Sands in ex-situ processes. Previous studies in this area have shown some potential, but have not characterised the dielectric properties of the Oil Sands used, n... Read More about Microwave processing of oil sands and contribution of clay minerals.

Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design (2014)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Medeira-Munoyerro, M., Huddle, T., Kingman, S., Dodds, C., Dimitrakis, G., …Lester, E. (2014). Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design. Fuel Processing Technology, 125, 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.006

The work carried out in this paper assessed how processing conditions and feedstock affect the quality of the coke produced during microwave coke making. The aim was to gather information that would support the development of an optimised microwave c... Read More about Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design.

Investigation into the mechanisms by which microwave heating enhances separation of water-in-oil emulsions (2014)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Robinson, J. P., Silvester, S., Kingman, S., & Lester, E. (2014). Investigation into the mechanisms by which microwave heating enhances separation of water-in-oil emulsions. Fuel, 116, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2013.08.042

The separation of water-in-oil emulsions made with Azeri crude was investigated using natural gravity settling and microwave heating techniques. Separation times could be reduced by an order of magnitude compared with untreated emulsions. Increasing... Read More about Investigation into the mechanisms by which microwave heating enhances separation of water-in-oil emulsions.

A review of microwave coal processing (2014)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Dodds, C., Wu, T., Robinson, J. P., …Mathews, J. P. (2014). A review of microwave coal processing. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 48(1),

This paper reviews the application of microwave energy in coal processing and utilisation. It covers a wide variety of processes including liberation of minerals, coal drying, pre-treatment to improve grindability, liquefaction enhancements and coke... Read More about A review of microwave coal processing.

Continuous and direct 'in situ' reaction monitoring of chemical reactions via dielectric property measurement: Controlled polymerisation (2014)
Journal Article
Lester, E., Kamaruddin, M. J., Nguyen, N. T., Robinson, J., El harfi, J., Irvine, D., Binner, E. R., DIMITRAKIS, G., & Kingman, S. W. (2014). Continuous and direct 'in situ' reaction monitoring of chemical reactions via dielectric property measurement: Controlled polymerisation. RSC Advances, 4(11), 5709-5717. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ra46941g

Separation of oil/water emulsions in continuous flow using microwave heating (2013)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Robinson, J. P., Kingman, S., Lester, E., Azzopardi, B. J., Dimitrakis, G., & Briggs, J. (2013). Separation of oil/water emulsions in continuous flow using microwave heating. Energy and Fuels, 27(6), https://doi.org/10.1021/ef400634n

This work studies a continuous flow microwave system to enhance gravity settling of water-in-oil emulsions. Settling times were found to be dependent upon the applied power, flowrate and energy input. Power and energy input are linked to liquid flowr... Read More about Separation of oil/water emulsions in continuous flow using microwave heating.