All Outputs (95)

Deriving Personas to Inform HMI Design for Future Autonomous Taxis: A Case Study on User- Requirement Elicitation (2021)
Journal Article
Hallewell, M. J., Hughes, N., Large, D. R., Harvey, C., Springthorpe, J., & Burnett, G. (in press). Deriving Personas to Inform HMI Design for Future Autonomous Taxis: A Case Study on User- Requirement Elicitation. Journal of Usability Studies,

Automated, Mobility-as-a-Service Vehicles (AV-MaaSs) – Autonomous Taxis - are expected to offer an inexpensive, mobility-on-demand service supporting greater sustainable transportation systems, including ‘last mile’ solutions. However, to date little... Read More about Deriving Personas to Inform HMI Design for Future Autonomous Taxis: A Case Study on User- Requirement Elicitation.

U can’t touch this! Face touching behaviour whilst driving: implications for health, hygiene and human factors (2021)
Journal Article
Ralph, F., Large, D. R., Burnett, G., Lang, A., & Morris, A. (2022). U can’t touch this! Face touching behaviour whilst driving: implications for health, hygiene and human factors. Ergonomics, 65(7), 943-959. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2021.2004241

Analysis of thirty-one hours of video-data documenting 36 experienced drivers highlighted the prevalence of face-touching, with 819 contacts identified (mean frequency: 26.4 face touches/hour (FT/h); mean duration: 3.9-seconds). Fewer face-touches oc... Read More about U can’t touch this! Face touching behaviour whilst driving: implications for health, hygiene and human factors.

What Just Happened? Exploring Drivers’ Behaviour in Response to Minimal Risk Condition – A Qualitative Driving Simulator Study (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Cortez, D., Large, D., & Burnett, G. (2021, October). What Just Happened? Exploring Drivers’ Behaviour in Response to Minimal Risk Condition – A Qualitative Driving Simulator Study. Presented at 7th International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention (DDI2021), Lyon, France

Automated vehicles (AVs) are expected to improve road safety by reducing the number of collisions and safety critical events [1,2]. In the event of a failure of the automated driving system (ADS), or if it reaches the limit of its capability, action... Read More about What Just Happened? Exploring Drivers’ Behaviour in Response to Minimal Risk Condition – A Qualitative Driving Simulator Study.

Assessing the Validity of Low and Medium-Fidelity Driving Simulators for HMI Distraction Testing – A Subjective Approach (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Merriman, S., Large, D., Pampel, S., & Burnett, G. (2021, October). Assessing the Validity of Low and Medium-Fidelity Driving Simulators for HMI Distraction Testing – A Subjective Approach. Presented at 7th International Conference on Driver Distraction and Inattention (DDI2021), Lyon, France

Simulators are commonly employed for conducting driving-related research due to their increased flexibility, safety and control compared to on-the-road studies [1]. However, concerns have been raised regarding the validity of the approach, that is, t... Read More about Assessing the Validity of Low and Medium-Fidelity Driving Simulators for HMI Distraction Testing – A Subjective Approach.

Isolating the Effect of Off-Road Glance Duration on Driving Performance: An Exemplar Study Comparing HDD and HUD in Different Driving Scenarios (2021)
Journal Article
Smith, M., Bagalkotkar, K., Gabbard, J. L., Large, D. R., & Burnett, G. (2021). Isolating the Effect of Off-Road Glance Duration on Driving Performance: An Exemplar Study Comparing HDD and HUD in Different Driving Scenarios. Human Factors, 65(5), 833-845. https://doi.org/10.1177/00187208211031416

Objective: We controlled participants’ glance behavior while using head-down displays (HDDs) and head-up displays (HUDs) to isolate driving behavioral changes due to use of different display types across different driving environments. Background: Re... Read More about Isolating the Effect of Off-Road Glance Duration on Driving Performance: An Exemplar Study Comparing HDD and HUD in Different Driving Scenarios.

Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Mahajan, K., Large, D., Burnett, G., & Velaga, N. (2021, January). Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time. Presented at TRB 100th Annual Meeting (#TRBAM), Washington, D.C

Vehicle automation allows drivers to disengage from driving causing a potential decline in their alertness. One of the major challenges of highly automated vehicles is to ensure a timely (with respect to safety and situation awareness) takeover in su... Read More about Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time.

Driver Perception Using A Camera-Based Digital Side Mirror: An On-Road Study (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Schkreba, A., Pampel, S., Burnett, G., & Large, D. (2021, April). Driver Perception Using A Camera-Based Digital Side Mirror: An On-Road Study. Presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2021, Online

Camera-based digital mirrors purport to offer a range of benefits yet may influence drivers’ ability to quickly and accurately extract salient information pertaining to driving. In an on-road study, fifteen experienced drivers (seated in the front, l... Read More about Driver Perception Using A Camera-Based Digital Side Mirror: An On-Road Study.

Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles (2021)
Journal Article
Mahajan, K., Large, D. R., Burnett, G., & Velaga, N. R. (2021). Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles. Traffic Injury Prevention, 22(5), 378-383. https://doi.org/10.1080/15389588.2021.1904138

Objective: Vehicle automation shifts the driver's role from active operator to passive observer at the potential cost of degrading their alertness. This study investigated the role of an in-vehicle voice-based assistant (VA; conversing about traffic/... Read More about Exploring the effectiveness of a digital voice assistant to maintain driver alertness in partially automated vehicles.

Introducing CHAT to Improve Driver Performance during Level 3 Automated Driving (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Shaw, E., LARGE, D., Burnett, G., & Box, E. (2021, April). Introducing CHAT to Improve Driver Performance during Level 3 Automated Driving. Presented at Ergonomics and Human Factors 2021, Online

Intermediate levels of automation will place new demands on drivers. At this level, system capability allows drivers to turn their attention to non-driving tasks, but system boundaries will require the driver to takeover control when requested and re... Read More about Introducing CHAT to Improve Driver Performance during Level 3 Automated Driving.

Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time (2021)
Journal Article
Mahajan, K., Large, D. R., Burnett, G., & Velaga, N. (2021). Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 80, 104-126. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2021.03.012

The current study investigated the role of an in-vehicle digital voice-assistant (VA) in conditionally automated vehicles, offering discourse relating specifically to contextual factors, such as the traffic situation and road environment. The study i... Read More about Exploring the benefits of conversing with a digital voice assistant during automated driving: A parametric duration model of takeover time.

A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics (2020)
Journal Article
Gabbard, J. L., Smith, M., Merenda, C., Burnett, G., & Large, D. R. (2022). A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics. IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 28(8), 2834 -2851. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVCG.2020.3044715

Augmented reality (AR) offers new ways to visualize information on-the-go. As noted in related work, AR graphics presented via optical see-through AR displays are particularly prone to color blending, whereby intended graphic colors may be perceptual... Read More about A Perceptual Color-Matching Method for Examining Color Blending in Augmented Reality Head-Up Display Graphics.

Driver Training for Future Automated Vehicles: Introducing CHAT (CHeck, Assess, Takeover) (2020)
Report
Shaw, E., Large, D., & Burnett, G. (2020). Driver Training for Future Automated Vehicles: Introducing CHAT (CHeck, Assess, Takeover). RAC Foundation

Automated vehicles are expected to offer many benefits, including improvements in road safety, increased mobility, enhanced driver comfort, and reductions in road congestion. However, fully automated, autonomous vehicles that require no input from a... Read More about Driver Training for Future Automated Vehicles: Introducing CHAT (CHeck, Assess, Takeover).

Ultrahapticons: “Haptifying” Drivers’ Mental Models to Transform Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Infotainment Interfaces (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Brown, E., Large, D. R., Limerick, H., & Burnett, G. (2020, September). Ultrahapticons: “Haptifying” Drivers’ Mental Models to Transform Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Infotainment Interfaces. Presented at 12th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (AutomotiveUI '20), online

In-vehicle gesture interfaces show potential to reduce visual demand and improve task performance when supported with mid-air, ultrasound-haptic feedback. However, comparative studies have tended to select gestures and haptic sensations based either... Read More about Ultrahapticons: “Haptifying” Drivers’ Mental Models to Transform Automotive Mid-Air Haptic Gesture Infotainment Interfaces.

Enhancing Drivers’ Awareness of Passing Pedestrians with Exocentric Digital Mirrors (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
LARGE, D., Viputsakul, S., & Burnett, G. (2020, April). Enhancing Drivers’ Awareness of Passing Pedestrians with Exocentric Digital Mirrors. Presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2020 Conference, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK

Digital mirrors are expected to feature in next generation cars. Ongoing technological developments in on-board cameras, sensors and sensor-fusing algorithms means that future drivers could be provided with novel visualisations that are not limited t... Read More about Enhancing Drivers’ Awareness of Passing Pedestrians with Exocentric Digital Mirrors.

Towards Future Driver Training: Analysing Human Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Cars (2020)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
LARGE, D., Shaw, E., & Burnett, G. (2020, April). Towards Future Driver Training: Analysing Human Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Cars. Presented at Ergonomics & Human Factors 2020 Conference, Stratford-upon-Avon, UK

Automation capability of future Level 3 vehicles will extend to tactical as well as control levels of the driving task. However, if systems fail or boundary limitations are exceeded the human driver must be ready to take over control of the vehicle.... Read More about Towards Future Driver Training: Analysing Human Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Cars.

A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers’ Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Vehicles (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D. R., Burnett, G., Salanitri, D., Lawson, A., & Box, E. (2019, September). A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers’ Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Vehicles. Presented at AutomotiveUI '19: 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Utrecht, Netherlands

In a longitudinal study, 49 drivers undertook a commute-style journey, with part of the route supporting level-3 automation, over five consecutive days. Bespoke HMIs were provided to keep drivers in-the-loop during automation, and help them regain si... Read More about A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers’ Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Vehicles.

Lessons from Oz: design guidelines for automotive conversational user interfaces (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D. R., Burnett, G., & Clark, L. (2019, September). Lessons from Oz: design guidelines for automotive conversational user interfaces. Presented at AutomotiveUI '19: 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Utrecht, Netherlands

This paper draws from literature and our experience of conducting Wizard-of-Oz (WoZ) studies using natural language, conversational user interfaces (CUIs) in the automotive domain. These studies have revealed positive effects of using in-vehicle CUIs... Read More about Lessons from Oz: design guidelines for automotive conversational user interfaces.

To Please in a Pod: Employing an Anthropomorphic Agent-Interlocutor to Enhance Trust and User Experience in an Autonomous, Self-Driving Vehicle (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D., Harrington, K., Burnett, G., Luton, J., Thomas, P., & Bennett, P. (2019, September). To Please in a Pod: Employing an Anthropomorphic Agent-Interlocutor to Enhance Trust and User Experience in an Autonomous, Self-Driving Vehicle. Presented at AutomotiveUI '19: 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications, Utrecht, Netherlands

Recognising that one of the aims of conversation is to build, maintain and strengthen positive relationships with others, the study explores whether passengers in an autonomous vehicle display similar behaviour during transactions with an on-board co... Read More about To Please in a Pod: Employing an Anthropomorphic Agent-Interlocutor to Enhance Trust and User Experience in an Autonomous, Self-Driving Vehicle.

"It's small talk, jim, but not as we know it.": engendering trust through human-agent conversation in an autonomous, self-driving car (2019)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Large, D. R., Clark, L., Burnett, G., Harrington, K., Luton, J., Thomas, P., & Bennett, P. (2019, August). "It's small talk, jim, but not as we know it.": engendering trust through human-agent conversation in an autonomous, self-driving car. Presented at 1st International Conference on Conversational User Interfaces (CUI2019), Dublin, Ireland

The use of speech has been popularised as a human-vehicle interface in the automotive domain. While this is most often associated with alleviating concerns of driver distraction and cognitive load, the study explores whether the presence of conversat... Read More about "It's small talk, jim, but not as we know it.": engendering trust through human-agent conversation in an autonomous, self-driving car.

Feel the noise: Mid-air ultrasound haptics as a novel human-vehicle interaction paradigm (2019)
Journal Article
Large, D., Harrington, K., Burnett, G., & Georgiou, O. (2019). Feel the noise: Mid-air ultrasound haptics as a novel human-vehicle interaction paradigm. Applied Ergonomics, 81, Article 102909. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2019.102909

Focussed ultrasound can be used to create the sensation of touch in mid-air. Combined with gestures, this can provide haptic feedback to guide users, thereby overcoming the lack of agency associated with pure gestural interfaces, and reducing the nee... Read More about Feel the noise: Mid-air ultrasound haptics as a novel human-vehicle interaction paradigm.