A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers’ Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Vehicles

Large, David R.; Burnett, Gary; Salanitri, Davide; Lawson, Anneka; Box, Elizabeth

Abstract

In a longitudinal study, 49 drivers undertook a commute-style journey, with part of the route supporting level-3 automation, over five consecutive days. Bespoke HMIs were provided to keep drivers in-the-loop during automation, and help them regain situational-awareness (SA) during handovers, in a 2×2 between-subjects design. Drivers demonstrated high levels of trust from the outset, delegating control to the vehicle (when available) and directing attention to their own activities/devices. Ratings of trust and technology acceptance increased during the week – even following an unexpected, emergency handover on day four – with the highest ratings recorded on day five. High levels of lateral instability were observed immediately following take-overs, although improvements were noted during the week and following the provision of SA-enhancing hand-over advice. Results demonstrate benefits associated with novel HMI designs to keep drivers in-the-loop and improve take-over performance, as well as the necessity of multiple exposures during the evaluation of future, immersive technologies.

Citation

Large, D. R., Burnett, G., Salanitri, D., Lawson, A., & Box, E. (2019). A Longitudinal Simulator Study to Explore Drivers’ Behaviour in Level 3 Automated Vehicles. In AutomotiveUI '19 : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications (222-232). https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344519

• Conference Name: AutomotiveUI '19: 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
• Conference Location: Utrecht, Netherlands
• Start Date: Sep 22, 2019
• End Date: Sep 25, 2019
• Acceptance Date: Jul 10, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Sep 21, 2019
• Publication Date: Sep 21, 2019
• Deposit Date: Jul 10, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 11, 2019
• Publisher: Association for Computing Machinery (ACM)
• Pages: 222-232
• Book Title: AutomotiveUI '19 : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications
• ISBN: 97814503-68841
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1145/3342197.3344519
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2293501
• Publisher URL: https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?doid=3342197.3344519
• Related Public URLs: https://www.auto-ui.org/19/
• Additional Information: Published in: AutomotiveUI '19 : Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on Automotive User Interfaces and Interactive Vehicular Applications. Pages 222-232; ; Utrecht, Netherlands — September 21 - 25, 2019; ACM New York, NY, USA ©2019; ISBN: 978-1-4503-6884-1 doi: 10.1145/3342197.3344519