Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment

Buttress, A.J.; Rodriguez, J.M.; Ure, A.; Ferrari, R.S.; Dodds, C.; Kingman, S.W.

doi:10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.025

Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing (2025)
Journal Article
Hege, C. S., Hamilton, I. E., Dundas, A. A., Adlington, K., Walker, E., Henke, H., Wang, K., Dimitrakis, G., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Fox, C. B., & Irvine, D. J. (2025). Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing. Chemistry, 7(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010

A novel flow process to produce low-molecular-weight (Mwt) methacrylate oligomer mixtures that have potential as vaccine adjuvants and chain transfer agents (CTAs) is reported. The chemistry and process were designed to significantly reduce the numbe... Read More about Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing.

Impacts of starch breakdown during germination and stewing on aroma formation in crystal malts (2024)
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Foulkes, A. R., Bolat, I., Dodds, C., & Cook, D. J. (2024). Impacts of starch breakdown during germination and stewing on aroma formation in crystal malts. Journal of the Institute of Brewing, 130(4), 221-237. https://doi.org/10.58430/jib.v130i4.60

Why was the work done: Crystal malts are used in brewing to add colour, flavour and mouthfeel to beers. In their manufacture, aroma compounds are formed through thermal flavour generation during roasting of stewed green malt. As part of a wider proje... Read More about Impacts of starch breakdown during germination and stewing on aroma formation in crystal malts.

Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture (2024)
Journal Article
Duran-Jimenez, G., Rodriguez, J., Stevens, L., Altarawneh, S., Batchelor, A., Jiang, L., & Dodds, C. (2024). Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture. Chemical Engineering Journal, 499, Article 156135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156135

Biomass residues are crucial feedstocks for facing climate change challenges due to high-value products, such as producing activated carbons (AC) for carbon capture. Two stages of pyrolysis followed by activation at high temperatures are the most use... Read More about Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture.

State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys (2024)
Journal Article
Hossain, F., Turner, J. V., Wilson, R., Chen, L., de Looze, G., Kingman, S. W., Dodds, C., & Dimitrakis, G. (2024). State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 202, Article 114650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114650

Discovery of the capacity of microwave energy to heat materials was a major milestone in the history of technology and scientific research. This discovery led to the development of many devices and processes that have replaced conventional heating me... Read More about State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys.

Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation (2024)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Ali, L., Altarawneh, M., Ahmed, O. H., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2024). Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 493, Article 152873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.152873

The elimination of toxic heavy metals from metallurgical wastes before its recycling to steel furnaces is essential. Lead oxide (PbO) is a major toxic heavy metal present in electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). The co-recycling of EAFD with Polyvinyl ch... Read More about Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation.

Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor (2024)
Journal Article
Rodriguez, J., Morona, L., Erans, M., Buttress, A. J., Nicholls, M., Batchelor, A. R., Duran-Jimenez, G., Kingman, S., Groszek, D., & Dodds, C. (2024). Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 202, Article 109838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2024.109838

Challenges exist to implementing high-temperature microwave processes with changing dielectric properties that achieve uniform processing. This paper presents a new high-temperature hybrid microwave processing system which overcomes these challenges... Read More about Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor.

Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping (2024)
Journal Article
Erans, M., Durán-Jimenez, G., Rodríguez, J. M., Stevens, L., & Dodds, C. (2024). Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping. Journal of Co2 Utilization, 83, Article 102794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102794

Waste eggshells have been investigated as biomineralised CO2 sorbents for the calcium looping cycle due to their high Ca content, low cost, availability, and high CO2 uptake. This work investigates a novel heat-pre-treatment using eggshells as raw ma... Read More about Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping.

Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption (2024)
Journal Article
Durán-Jiménez, G., Rodriguez, J., Stevens, L., Kostas, E. T., & Dodds, C. (2024). Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal, 488, Article 150926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150926

Hierarchical porous activated carbons (ACs) were efficiently synthesized in less than 2 min using microwaves and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), exhibiting excellent potential as adsorbent for carbon dioxide (CO2) and Methylene Blue (MB). The method emphasi... Read More about Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption.

Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions (2023)
Journal Article
Al-Harahsheh, M., Altarawneh, S., Al-Omari, M., Altarawneh, M., Kingman, S., & Dodds, C. (2023). Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions. Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries, 6(3), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci672023

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are two hazardous wastes that are accumulated world-wide at an alarming rate. Utilising these two wastes simultaneously towards a sustainable recycling loop can greatly mitigate their envi... Read More about Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions.

A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite (2022)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2022). A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite. Thermochimica Acta, 718, Article 179390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2022.179390

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is accumulated in large amounts world-wide contains hematite (Fe2O3) and significant quantities of magnetite (Fe3O4). Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also poses a great environmental threat aside to accumulated E... Read More about A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite.

Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite (2022)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Dodds, C., Buttress, A., & Kingman, S. (2022). Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 168, 558-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.028

Thermal co-treatment of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may provide a viable route for reprocessing these hazardous materials within the circular economy. To develop and optimise a commercial treatment process, the compl... Read More about Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite.

S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing (2022)
Journal Article
Rodriguez, J., Ampuero, J., Valderrama, W., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., & Carrasco, H. (2022). S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 64(12), 2160-2164. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.33431

The development of an elliptical–cylindrical cavity for microwave thermal processing of materials at high electric field strengths is reported. The design methodology based on numerical modeling is validated by experimental measurements. The system c... Read More about S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing.

Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies (2022)
Journal Article
Durán-Jiménez, G., Rodriguez, J., Kostas, E. T., Stevens, L. A., Lozada-Rodríguez, L., Binner, E., & Dodds, C. (2022). Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 438, Article 135549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135549

Microwave has become an attractive technology in the valorisation of renewable biomass and in the mitigation of challenges of climate change. In this work, the synergic effects of coupling microwave and mild conventional heating conditions has been i... Read More about Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies.

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide (2021)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Dodds, C., Buttress, A., & Kingman, S. (2022). Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide. Thermochimica Acta, 707, Article 179105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2021.179105

This work investigates the degradation kinetics and the pyrolysis behavior of Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and its mixture with ZnO using thermogravimetric analysis under an inert atmosphere. The investigation was carried out due to the increased inte... Read More about Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide.

Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment (2021)
Journal Article
Al-Harahsheh, M., Altarawneh, S., Al-Omari, M., Altarawneh, M., Kingman, S., & Dodds, C. (2021). Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 328, Article 129622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129622

Oxidative thermal treatment of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) mixed with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) was carried out to study the impact of oxidizing environment on the extraction of valuable metals. The effect of oxygen partial pressure, temperatur... Read More about Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment.

Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields (2021)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Rodriguez, J., & Kingman, S. (2021). Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 104, 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.001

Microwave heating of waste electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) for the purpose of its remediation has been studied extensively. However, these studies considered EAFD as a bulk material without addressing either the relative response of its individual c... Read More about Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields.

Microwave digestion of gibbsite and bauxite in sodium hydroxide (2020)
Journal Article
Dillinger, B., Batchelor, A., Katrib, J., Dodds, C., Suchicital, C., Kingman, S., & Clark, D. (2020). Microwave digestion of gibbsite and bauxite in sodium hydroxide. Hydrometallurgy, 192, Article 105257. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2020.105257

It was hypothesized that bauxite digestion may be improved by using microwave heating as it has been shown in literature that some material processes have improved efficiency. To test this hypothesis, a set of digestion experiments were conducted usi... Read More about Microwave digestion of gibbsite and bauxite in sodium hydroxide.

Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating (2019)
Journal Article
Thomas-Hillman, I., Stevens, L. A., Lange, M., Möllmer, J., Lewis, W., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., & Laybourn, A. (2019). Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating. Green Chemistry, 21(18), 5039-5045. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02375e

NO2, SO2 and CO2 are major air pollutants causing significant environmental and health problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in particular [Al2(OH)2(C16O8H6)](H2O)6 (trivial names: NOTT-300/MFM-300(Al)), have shown great promise for capturing th... Read More about Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating.

Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy (2019)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Ure, A., Stevens, L., Binner, E., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., Das, B., Dash, P. S., & Lester, E. (2019). Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy. Energy and Fuels, 33(7), 6817-6828. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00511

This paper shows how feedstock densification gives rise to a step change in the time required to create a metallurgical grade coke using microwave energy. Five densified coking and non-coking coals were heated in a multi-mode microwave 2450 MHz cavit... Read More about Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy.

Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment (2018)
Journal Article
Buttress, A., Rodriguez, J., Ure, A., Ferrari, R., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2019). Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment. Minerals Engineering, 131, 407-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.025

© 2018 Demand for high purity silica used in component manufacture is set to outstrip current supply in the near future. As such, alternative processing routes to feed-stock materials suitable for use in lighting and solar cell fabrication are requir... Read More about Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment.

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