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Functional and immunogenic characterization of diverse HCV glycoprotein E2 variants (2018)
Journal Article
Khera, T., Behrendt, P., Bankwitz, D., Brown, R. J., Todt, D., Doepke, M., …Pietschmann, T. (2019). Functional and immunogenic characterization of diverse HCV glycoprotein E2 variants. Journal of Hepatology, 70(4), 593-602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2018.11.003

© 2018 European Association for the Study of the Liver Background & Aims: Induction of cross-reactive antibodies targeting conserved epitopes of the envelope proteins E1E2 is a key requirement for an hepatitis C virus vaccine. Conserved epitopes like... Read More about Functional and immunogenic characterization of diverse HCV glycoprotein E2 variants.

Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies (2018)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Backx, M., Hamed, M. R., Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Brown, R. J., & Ball, J. K. (2018). Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies. Antiviral Research, 160, 25-37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2018.09.005

Global eradication of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection will require an efficacious vaccine capable of eliciting protective immunity against genetically diverse HCV strains. Natural spontaneous resolution of HCV infection is associated with productio... Read More about Immunization with a synthetic consensus hepatitis C virus E2 glycoprotein ectodomain elicits virus-neutralizing antibodies.

How have retrovirus pseudotypes contributed to our understanding of viral entry? (2017)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., & King, B. (2017). How have retrovirus pseudotypes contributed to our understanding of viral entry?. Future Virology, 12(10), Article 0062. https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl-2017-0062

Study of virus entry into host cells is important for understanding viral tropism and pathogenesis. Studying the entry of in vitro cultured viruses is not always practicable. Study of highly pathogenic viruses, viruses that do not grow in culture, an... Read More about How have retrovirus pseudotypes contributed to our understanding of viral entry?.

Entry inhibition of HSV-1 and -2 protects mice from viral lethal challenge (2017)
Journal Article
Clementi, N., Criscuolo, E., Cappelletti, F., Quaranta, P., Pistello, M., Diotti, R. A., …Mancini, N. (2017). Entry inhibition of HSV-1 and -2 protects mice from viral lethal challenge. Antiviral Research, 143, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2017.03.028

The present study focused on inhibition of HSV-1 and -2 replication and pathogenesis in vitro and in vivo, through the selective targeting of the envelope glycoprotein D. Firstly, a human monoclonal antibody (Hu-mAb#33) was identified that could neut... Read More about Entry inhibition of HSV-1 and -2 protects mice from viral lethal challenge.

High resolution sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveals limited intra-hepatic compartmentalization in end-stage liver disease (2016)
Journal Article
Hedegaard, D. L., Tully, D. C., Rowe, I. A., Reynolds, G. M., Bean, D. J., Hu, K., …McKeating, J. A. (2017). High resolution sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveals limited intra-hepatic compartmentalization in end-stage liver disease. Journal of Hepatology, 66(1), 28-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2016.07.048

Background & Aims The high replication and mutation rate of hepatitis C virus (HCV) results in a heterogeneous population of viral sequences in vivo. HCV replicates in the liver and infected hepatocytes occur as foci surrounded by uninfected cells... Read More about High resolution sequencing of hepatitis C virus reveals limited intra-hepatic compartmentalization in end-stage liver disease.

Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals (2016)
Journal Article
Ferns, R. B., Tarr, A. W., Hue, S., Urbanowicz, R. A., McClure, C. P., Gilson, R., …Pillay, D. (2016). Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals. Virology, 492, 213-224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2016.02.003

HIV-1 infected patients who acquire HCV infection have higher rates of chronicity and liver disease progression than patients with HCV mono-infection. Understanding early events in this pathogenic process is important. We applied single genome sequen... Read More about Hepatitis C virus quasispecies and pseudotype analysis from acute infection to chronicity in HIV-1 co-infected individuals.

Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses (2016)
Journal Article
King, B., Temperton, N., Grehan, K., Scott, S. D., Wright, E., Tarr, A. W., & Daly, J. M. (2016). Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses. Future Virology, 11(1), https://doi.org/10.2217/fvl.15.106

A pseudotyped virus (PV) is a virus particle with an envelope protein originating from a different virus. The ability to dictate which envelope proteins are expressed on the surface has made pseudotyping an important tool for basic virological studie... Read More about Technical considerations for the generation of novel pseudotyped viruses.

Genetic diversity underlying the envelope glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus: Structural and functional consequences and the implications for vaccine design (2015)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Khera, T., Hueging, K., Sheldon, J., Steinmann, E., Pietschmann, T., & Brown, R. J. (2015). Genetic diversity underlying the envelope glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus: Structural and functional consequences and the implications for vaccine design. Viruses, 7(7), 3995-4046. https://doi.org/10.3390/v7072809

© 2015 by the authors. In the 26 years since the discovery of Hepatitis C virus (HCV) a major global research effort has illuminated many aspects of the viral life cycle, facilitating the development of targeted antivirals. Recently, effective direct... Read More about Genetic diversity underlying the envelope glycoproteins of hepatitis C virus: Structural and functional consequences and the implications for vaccine design.

Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces (2015)
Journal Article
Hakami, A. R., Ball, J. K., & Tarr, A. W. (2015). Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces. Journal of Virological Methods, 221, 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2015.04.023

© 2015 Elsevier B.V. Phage-displayed random peptide libraries are widely used for identifying peptide interactions with proteins and other substrates. Selection of peptide ligands involves iterative rounds of affinity enrichment. The binding properti... Read More about Non-ionic detergents facilitate non-specific binding of M13 bacteriophage to polystyrene surfaces.

Human lectins and their roles in viral infections (2015)
Journal Article
Mason, C. P., & Tarr, A. W. (2015). Human lectins and their roles in viral infections. Molecules, 20(2), 2229-2271. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules20022229

© 2015 by the authors; licensee MDPI. Innate recognition of virus proteins is an important component of the immune response to viral pathogens. A component of this immune recognition is the family of lectins; pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) that... Read More about Human lectins and their roles in viral infections.

Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies (2015)
Journal Article

Neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) targeting glycoprotein E2 are important for the control of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. One conserved antigenic site (amino acids 412 to 423) is disordered in the reported E2 structure, but a synthetic peptide mim... Read More about Structural flexibility of a conserved antigenic region in Hepatitis C virus glycoprotein E2 recognized by broadly neutralizing antibodies.

Type I interferon rapidly restricts infectious hepatitis C virus particle genesis (2014)
Journal Article
Meredith, L. W., Farquhar, M. J., Tarr, A. W., & McKeating, J. A. (2014). Type I interferon rapidly restricts infectious hepatitis C virus particle genesis. Hepatology, 60(6), https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.27333

Interferon-alpha (IFNα) has been used to treat chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection for over 20 years with varying efficacy, depending on the infecting viral genotype. The mechanism of action of IFNα is not fully understood, but is thought to ta... Read More about Type I interferon rapidly restricts infectious hepatitis C virus particle genesis.

Colicin import into E. coli cells: A model system for insights into the import mechanisms of bacteriocins (2014)
Journal Article
Kim, Y. C., Tarr, A. W., & Penfold, C. N. (2014). Colicin import into E. coli cells: A model system for insights into the import mechanisms of bacteriocins. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research, 1843(8), 1717-1731. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbamcr.2014.04.010

Bacteriocins are a diverse group of ribosomally synthesized protein antibiotics produced by most bacteria. They range from small lanthipeptides produced by lactic acid bacteria to much larger multi domain proteins of Gram negative bacteria such as th... Read More about Colicin import into E. coli cells: A model system for insights into the import mechanisms of bacteriocins.

The past, present and future of neutralizing antibodies for hepatitis C virus (2014)
Journal Article
Ball, J. K., Tarr, A. W., & McKeating, J. A. (2014). The past, present and future of neutralizing antibodies for hepatitis C virus. Antiviral Research, 105(1), 100-111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.02.013

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma worldwide. HCV establishes a chronic infection in the majority of cases. However, some individuals clear the virus, demonstrating a protective role for the host im... Read More about The past, present and future of neutralizing antibodies for hepatitis C virus.

B-cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins (2014)
Journal Article

Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has been implicated in the induction and maintenance of B-cell lymphomas. The strongest evidence for this derives from clinical observations of tumor regressions upon antiviral treatments. Here we used multip... Read More about B-cell receptors expressed by lymphomas of hepatitis C virus (HCV)-infected patients rarely react with the viral proteins.

The P body protein LSm1 contributes to stimulation of hepatitis C virus translation, but not replication, by microRNA-122 (2013)
Journal Article
Roberts, A. P., Doidge, R., Tarr, A. W., & Jopling, C. L. (2014). The P body protein LSm1 contributes to stimulation of hepatitis C virus translation, but not replication, by microRNA-122. Nucleic Acids Research, 42(2), 1257-1269. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkt941

The P body protein LSm1 stimulates translation and replication of hepatitis C virus (HCV). As the liver-specific microRNA-122 (miR-122) is required for HCV replication and is associated with P bodies, we investigated whether regulation of HCV by LSm1... Read More about The P body protein LSm1 contributes to stimulation of hepatitis C virus translation, but not replication, by microRNA-122.

An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell transmission (2013)
Journal Article
Tarr, A. W., Lafaye, P., Meredith, L., Damier-Piolle, L., Urbanowicz, R. A., Meola, A., …Krey, T. (2013). An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell transmission. Hepatology, 58(3), 932-939. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.26430

Severe liver disease caused by chronic hepatitis C virus is the major indication for liver transplantation. Despite recent advances in antiviral therapy, drug toxicity and unwanted side effects render effective treatment in liver-transplanted patient... Read More about An alpaca nanobody inhibits hepatitis C virus entry and cell-to-cell transmission.

Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein fitness defines virus population composition following transmission to a new host (2012)
Journal Article
Brown, R. J., Hudson, N., Wilson, G., Rehman, S. U., Jabbari, S., Hu, K., …Ball, J. K. (2012). Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein fitness defines virus population composition following transmission to a new host. Journal of Virology, 86(22), https://doi.org/10.1128/JVI.01079-12

Genetic variability is a hallmark of RNA virus populations. However, transmission to a new host often results in a marked decrease in population diversity. This genetic bottlenecking is observed during hepatitis C virus (HCV) transmission and can ari... Read More about Hepatitis C virus envelope glycoprotein fitness defines virus population composition following transmission to a new host.