Galaxy Zoo: finding offset discs and bars in SDSS galaxies

Kruk, Sandor J.; Lintott, Chris J.; Simmons, Brooke D.; Bamford, Steven P.; Cardamone, Carolin N.; Fortson, Lucy; Hart, Ross E.; H�u�ler, Boris; Masters, Karen L.; Nichol, Robert C.; Schawinski, Kevin; Smethurst, Rebecca J.

Abstract

We use multiwavelength Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) images and Galaxy Zoo morphologies to identify a sample of ∼270 late-type galaxies with an off-centre bar. We measure offsets in the range 0.2–2.5 kpc between the photometric centres of the stellar disc and stellar bar. The measured offsets correlate with global asymmetries of the galaxies, with those with largest offsets showing higher lopsidedness. These findings are in good agreement with predictions from simulations of dwarf–dwarf tidal interactions producing off-centre bars. We find that the majority of galaxies with off-centre bars are of Magellanic type, with a median mass of 109.6 M⊙, and 91 per cent of them having M⋆ < 3 × 1010 M⊙, the characteristic mass at which galaxies start having higher central concentrations attributed to the presence of bulges. We conduct a search for companions to test the hypothesis of tidal interactions, but find that a similar fraction of galaxies with offset bars have companions within 100 kpc as galaxies with centred bars. Although this may be due to the incompleteness of the SDSS spectroscopic survey at the faint end, alternative scenarios that give rise to offset bars such as interactions with dark companions or the effect of lopsided halo potentials should be considered. Future observations are needed to confirm possible low-mass companion candidates and to determine the shape of the dark matter halo, in order to find the explanation for the off-centre bars in these galaxies.

Citation

Kruk, S. J., Lintott, C. J., Simmons, B. D., Bamford, S. P., Cardamone, C. N., Fortson, L., Hart, R. E., Häußler, B., Masters, K. L., Nichol, R. C., Schawinski, K., & Smethurst, R. J. (2017). Galaxy Zoo: finding offset discs and bars in SDSS galaxies. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 469(3), 3363-3373. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1026

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 26, 2017
• Online Publication Date: May 1, 2017
• Publication Date: Aug 1, 2017
• Deposit Date: Jun 14, 2017
• Publicly Available Date: Jun 14, 2017
• Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• Print ISSN: 0035-8711
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 469
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 3363-3373
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stx1026
• Keywords: galaxies: dwarf, galaxies: evolution, galaxies: interactions, galaxies: irregular, galaxies: structure
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/967394
• Publisher URL: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article-lookup/doi/10.1093/mnras/stx1026
• Additional Information: This article has been accepted for publication in Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society ©: 2017 The Authors. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Royal Astronomical Society. All rights reserved.
• Contract Date: Jun 14, 2017