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Ground-freezing experience on the east side access Northern Boulevard crossing, New York

Schmall, Paul; Dawson, Andrew

Authors

Paul Schmall

Andrew Dawson



Abstract

A brief review is given of ground freezing technology as a means of providing groundwater cut-off and temporary structural support in weak ground for transportation tunnelling and shaft-sinking operations. Then detailed coverage of a particular case history is reported in variable soils in Queens, New York. As part of the upgrading of rail access from Long Island into Manhattan, a tunnel was required that necessitated a frozen arch structure under a ‘live’ roadway and rail lines. The installation, development and performance of the frozen zone are described. At two small locations groundwater continued to flow through the line of the frozen arch, the heat in the newly arrived groundwater being greater than the capacity of the ground freezing technique to remove that heat, thereby preventing final ‘closure’ by frozen soil at those points. The remedial works to overcome these difficulties are described. Some conclusions are drawn concerning the reasons when and why these localized unfrozen ‘windows’ can be anticipated in freeze zones and about the requirements for remedial solutions.

Citation

Schmall, P., & Dawson, A. (in press). Ground-freezing experience on the east side access Northern Boulevard crossing, New York. Proceedings of the ICE - Ground Improvement, 170(GI3), https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.16.00012

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 19, 2017
Online Publication Date Aug 11, 2017
Deposit Date Aug 14, 2017
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement
Print ISSN 1755-0750
Electronic ISSN 1755-0769
Publisher Thomas Telford
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 170
Issue GI3
DOI https://doi.org/10.1680/jgrim.16.00012
Keywords Tunnels & tunnelling, Groundwater, Temporary Works
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/877519
Publisher URL http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/doi/10.1680/jgrim.16.00012
Additional Information Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Ground Improvement - http://www.icevirtuallibrary.com/journal/jgrim

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