Martin J. Scurr
Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers
Scurr, Martin J.; Zelek, Wioleta M.; Lippiatt, George; Somerville, Michelle; Burnell, Stephanie E.A.; Capitani, Lorenzo; Davies, Kate; Lawton, Helen; Tozer, Thomas; Rees, Tara; Roberts, Kerry; Evans, Mererid; Jackson, Amanda; Young, Charlotte; Fairclough, Lucy; Tighe, Paddy; Wills, Mark; Westwell, Andrew D.; Morgan, B. Paul; Gallimore, Awen; Godkin, Andrew
Authors
Wioleta M. Zelek
George Lippiatt
Michelle Somerville
Stephanie E.A. Burnell
Lorenzo Capitani
Kate Davies
Helen Lawton
Thomas Tozer
Tara Rees
Kerry Roberts
Mererid Evans
Amanda Jackson
Charlotte Young
Professor Lucy Fairclough LUCY.FAIRCLOUGH@NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK
PROFESSOR OF IMMUNOLOGY
Professor PATRICK TIGHE paddy.tighe@nottingham.ac.uk
PROFESSOR OF MOLECULAR IMMUNOLOGY
Mark Wills
Andrew D. Westwell
B. Paul Morgan
Awen Gallimore
Andrew Godkin
Abstract
Accurate assessment of SARS-CoV-2 immunity is critical in evaluating vaccine efficacy and devising public health policies. Whilst the exact nature of effective immunity remains incompletely defined, SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses are a critical feature that will likely form a key correlate of protection against COVID-19. Here, we developed and optimized a high-throughput whole blood-based assay to determine the T-cell response associated with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection and/or vaccination amongst 231 healthy donors and 68 cancer patients. Following overnight in vitro stimulation with SARS-CoV-2-specific peptides, blood plasma samples were analysed for TH1-type cytokines. Highly significant differential IFN-γ+/IL-2+ SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses were seen amongst previously infected COVID-19-positive healthy donors in comparison with unknown / naïve individuals (p < 0·0001). IFN-γ production was more effective at identifying asymptomatic donors, demonstrating higher sensitivity (96·0% vs. 83·3%) but lower specificity (84·4% vs. 92·5%) than measurement of IL-2. A single COVID-19 vaccine dose induced IFN-γ and/or IL-2 SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses in 116 of 128 (90·6%) healthy donors, reducing significantly to 27 of 56 (48·2%) when measured in cancer patients (p < 0·0001). A second dose was sufficient to boost T-cell responses in the majority (90·6%) of cancer patients, albeit IFN-γ+ responses were still significantly lower overall than those induced in healthy donors (p = 0·034). Three-month post-vaccination T-cell responses also declined at a faster rate in cancer patients. Overall, this cost-effective standardizable test ensures accurate and comparable assessments of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell responses amenable to widespread population immunity testing, and identifies individuals at greater need of booster vaccinations.
Citation
Scurr, M. J., Zelek, W. M., Lippiatt, G., Somerville, M., Burnell, S. E., Capitani, L., Davies, K., Lawton, H., Tozer, T., Rees, T., Roberts, K., Evans, M., Jackson, A., Young, C., Fairclough, L., Tighe, P., Wills, M., Westwell, A. D., Morgan, B. P., Gallimore, A., & Godkin, A. (2022). Whole blood‐based measurement of SARS‐CoV‐2‐specific T cells reveals asymptomatic infection and vaccine immunogenicity in healthy subjects and patients with solid‐organ cancers. Immunology, 165(2), 250-259. https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13433
Journal Article Type | Article |
---|---|
Acceptance Date | Nov 3, 2021 |
Online Publication Date | Dec 6, 2021 |
Publication Date | 2022-02 |
Deposit Date | Jan 31, 2022 |
Publicly Available Date | Jan 31, 2022 |
Journal | Immunology |
Print ISSN | 0019-2805 |
Electronic ISSN | 1365-2567 |
Publisher | Wiley |
Peer Reviewed | Peer Reviewed |
Volume | 165 |
Issue | 2 |
Pages | 250-259 |
DOI | https://doi.org/10.1111/imm.13433 |
Keywords | Immunology; Immunology and Allergy |
Public URL | https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7024070 |
Publisher URL | https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/imm.13433 |
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Whole blood-based measurement of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells
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Publisher Licence URL
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
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