Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise

Yong, A.X.H.; Aktas, A.; May, D.; Endruweit, A.; Advani, S.; Hubert, P.; Abaimov, S. G.; Abliz, D.; Akhatov, I.; Ali, M.A.; Allen, T.; Berg, D. C.; Bickerton, S.; Brauner, C.; Brütsch, D.; Caglar, B.; Caglar, H.; Causse, P.; Chiminelli, A.; Cohades, A.; Comas-Cardona, S.; Danzi, M.; Dittmann, J.; Dransfeld, C.; Ermanni, P.; Fauster, E.; Garcia-Manrique, J. A.; George, A.; Graupner, R.; Grishaev, V.; Guilloux, A.; Hancioglu, M.; Harizi, W.; Herman, T.; Huang, W.; Kabachi, M. A.; Keller, A.; Kind, K.; Laspalas, M.; Lebedev, O. V.; Lizaranzu, M.; Long, A. C.; Masania, K.; Michaud, V.; Middendorf, P.; Salvatori, D.; Schubnel, R.; Sharp, N.; Sozer, M.; Thomas, J.; Trochu, F.; Umer, R.; Valette, J.; Wang, J. H.; Willenbacher, B.

Abstract

The out-of-plane permeability of two glass fibre fabrics was measured by 26 institutions using silicone oil as a test fluid. Participants in this study were free to select the test procedure, specimen dimensions and data analysis method, provided that testing was carried out at three target fibre volume fractions, 46%, 50% and 54%. While results showed a variability of two orders of magnitude between participants, most values were within a significantly narrower band. A majority of participants used 1D saturated test method. A few selected 1D unsaturated and 3D unsaturated flow method which gave very similar results. Focusing on analysis of data and results of 1D saturated flow measurements, results are not conclusive, but they are consistent with number of layers in a specimen, fibre volume fraction, injection pressure and sealing of specimen edges all having an effect on the measured permeability. Specifying limits for these parameters is expected to result in reduced scatter in measured permeability.

Citation

Yong, A., Aktas, A., May, D., Endruweit, A., Advani, S., Hubert, P., …Willenbacher, B. (2021). Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise. Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing, 148, Article 106480. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: May 14, 2021
• Online Publication Date: May 23, 2021
• Publication Date: 2021-09
• Deposit Date: Jun 24, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: May 24, 2022
• Journal: Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing
• Print ISSN: 1359-835X
• Publisher: Elsevier BV
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 148
• Article Number: 106480
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480
• Keywords: Mechanics of Materials; Ceramics and Composites
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5721358
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359835X21002025
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Out-of-plane permeability measurement for reinforcement textiles: A benchmark exercise; Journal Title: Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesa.2021.106480; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.