Effect of variable pre-oxygenation endpoints on safe apnoea time using high flow nasal oxygen for women in labour: a modelling investigation

Stolady, Daniel; Laviola, Marianna; Pillai, Arani; Hardman, Jonathan G.

Abstract

Background

Studies of pulmonary denitrogenation (pre-oxygenation) in obstetric populations have shown high flow nasal oxygen therapy (HFNO) is inferior to facemask techniques. HFNO achieves median end-tidal oxygen fraction (FE′O2) of 0.87 after 3 min. As HFNO prolongs safe apnoea times through apnoeic oxygenation, we postulated that HFNO would still extend safe apnoeic times despite the lower FE′O2 after pre-oxygenation.

Methods

The Interdisciplinary Collaboration in Systems Medicine simulation suite, a highly integrated, high-fidelity model of the human respiratory and cardiovascular systems, was used to study the effect of varying FE′O2 (60%, 70%, 80%, and 90%) on the duration of safe apnoea times using HFNO and facemask techniques (with the airway open and obstructed). The study population consisted of validated models of pregnant women in active labour and not in labour with BMI of 24, 35, 40, 45, and 50 kg m−2.

Results

HFNO provided longer safe apnoeic times in all models, with all FE′O2 values. Labour and increased BMI reduced this effect, in particular a BMI of 50 kg m−2 reduced the improvement in apnoea time to 1.8–8.5 min (depending on the FE′O2), compared with an improvement of more than 60 min in the subject with BMI 24 kg m−2.

Conclusions

Despite generating lower FE′O2, HFNO provides longer safe apnoea times in pregnant subjects in labour. Care should be taken when used in patients with BMI ≥50 kg m−2 as the extension of the safe apnoea time is limited.

Citation

Stolady, D., Laviola, M., Pillai, A., & Hardman, J. G. (2021). Effect of variable pre-oxygenation endpoints on safe apnoea time using high flow nasal oxygen for women in labour: a modelling investigation. British Journal of Anaesthesia, 126(4), 889-895. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.031

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Dec 27, 2020
• Online Publication Date: Feb 3, 2021
• Publication Date: 2021-04
• Deposit Date: Feb 8, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Feb 4, 2022
• Journal: British Journal of Anaesthesia
• Print ISSN: 0007-0912
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 126
• Issue: 4
• Pages: 889-895
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.12.031
• Keywords: Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5310741
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0007091220310539