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Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection

Sun, Honglei; Xiao, Yihong; Liu, Jiyu; Wang, Dayan; Li, Fangtao; Wang, Chenxi; Li, Chong; Zhu, Junda; Song, Jingwei; Sun, Haoran; Jiang, Zhimin; Liu, Litao; Zhang, Xin; Wei, Kai; Hou, Dongjun; Pu, Juan; Sun, Yipeng; Tong, Qi; Bi, Yuhai; Chang, Kin-Chow; Liu, Sidang; Gao, George F.; Liu, Jinhua

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Authors

Honglei Sun

Yihong Xiao

Jiyu Liu

Dayan Wang

Fangtao Li

Chenxi Wang

Chong Li

Junda Zhu

Jingwei Song

Haoran Sun

Zhimin Jiang

Litao Liu

Xin Zhang

Kai Wei

Dongjun Hou

Juan Pu

Yipeng Sun

Qi Tong

Yuhai Bi

KIN-CHOW CHANG KIN-CHOW.CHANG@NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK
Professor of Veterinary Molecular Medicine

Sidang Liu

George F. Gao

Jinhua Liu



Abstract

Pigs are intermediate hosts for the generation of pandemic influenza virus. Thus, systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in pigs is a key measure for prewarning the emergence of the next pandemic influenza. Here, we identified a reassortant EA H1N1 virus possessing pdm/09 and TR-derived internal genes, termed as G4 genotype, which has become predominant in swine populations since 2016. Similar to pdm/09 virus, G4 viruses have all the essential hallmarks of a candidate pandemic virus. Of concern is that swine workers show elevated seroprevalence for G4 virus. Controlling the prevailing G4 EA H1N1 viruses in pigs and close monitoring in human populations, especially the workers in swine industry, should be urgently implemented.Pigs are considered as important hosts or “mixing vessels” for the generation of pandemic influenza viruses. Systematic surveillance of influenza viruses in pigs is essential for early warning and preparedness for the next potential pandemic. Here, we report on an influenza virus surveillance of pigs from 2011 to 2018 in China, and identify a recently emerged genotype 4 (G4) reassortant Eurasian avian-like (EA) H1N1 virus, which bears 2009 pandemic (pdm/09) and triple-reassortant (TR)-derived internal genes and has been predominant in swine populations since 2016. Similar to pdm/09 virus, G4 viruses bind to human-type receptors, produce much higher progeny virus in human airway epithelial cells, and show efficient infectivity and aerosol transmission in ferrets. Moreover, low antigenic cross-reactivity of human influenza vaccine strains with G4 reassortant EA H1N1 virus indicates that preexisting population immunity does not provide protection against G4 viruses. Further serological surveillance among occupational exposure population showed that 10.4% (35/338) of swine workers were positive for G4 EA H1N1 virus, especially for participants 18 y to 35 y old, who had 20.5% (9/44) seropositive rates, indicating that the predominant G4 EA H1N1 virus has acquired increased human infectivity. Such infectivity greatly enhances the opportunity for virus adaptation in humans and raises concerns for the possible generation of pandemic viruses.

Citation

Sun, H., Xiao, Y., Liu, J., Wang, D., Li, F., Wang, C., …Liu, J. (2020). Prevalent Eurasian avian-like H1N1 swine influenza virus with 2009 pandemic viral genes facilitating human infection. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 117(29), 17204-17210. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921186117

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date May 15, 2020
Online Publication Date Jun 29, 2020
Publication Date Jul 21, 2020
Deposit Date Jun 30, 2020
Publicly Available Date Mar 28, 2024
Journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences
Print ISSN 0027-8424
Electronic ISSN 1091-6490
Publisher National Academy of Sciences
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 117
Issue 29
Pages 17204-17210
DOI https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1921186117
Keywords Multidisciplinary
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/4739425
Publisher URL http://www.pnas.org/content/early/2020/06/23/1921186117.abstract

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