Antimicrobial prophylaxis in companion animal surgery: A scoping review for European Network for Optimization of Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines

Sørensen, T. M.; Scahill, K.; Ruperez, J. Espinel; Olejnik, M.; Swinbourne, F.; Verwilghen, D. R.; Nolff, M. C.; Baines, S.; Marques, C.; Vilen, A.; Duarte, E. L.; Dias, M.; Dewulf, S.; Wichtowska, A.; Valencia, A. Carranza; Pelligand, L.; Broens, E. M.; Toutain, P. L.; Alishani, M.; Brennan, M. L.; Weese, J. S.; Jessen, L. R.; Allerton, F.

Abstract

Surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis (SAP) is widely used to reduce the risk of surgical site infections (SSI), but there is uncertainty as to what the proportion of SSI reduction is. Therefore, it is difficult for surgeons to properly weigh the costs, risks and benefits for individual patients when deciding on the use of SAP, making it challenging to promote antimicrobial stewardship in primary practice settings. The objective of this study was to map the veterinary evidence focused on assessing the effect of SAP on SSI development and in order to identify surgical procedures with some research evidence and possible knowledge gaps. In October 2021 and December 2022, Scopus, CAB Abstracts, Web of Science Core Collection, Embase and MEDLINE were systematically searched. Double blinded screening of records was performed to identify studies in companion animals that reported on the use of SAP and SSI rates. Comparative data were available from 34 out of 39123 records screened including: eight randomised controlled trials (RCT), 23 cohort studies (seven prospective and 16 retrospective) and three retrospective case series representing 12476 dogs and cats in total. Extracted data described peri- or post-operative SAP in nine, and 25 studies, respectively. In the eight RCTs evaluating SAP in companion animals, surgical procedure coverage was skewed towards orthopaedic stifle surgeries in referral settings and there was large variation in SAP protocols, SSI definitions and follow-up periods. More standardized data collection and agreement of SSI definitions is needed to build stronger evidence for optimized patient care.

Citation

Sørensen, T. M., Scahill, K., Ruperez, J. E., Olejnik, M., Swinbourne, F., Verwilghen, D. R., Nolff, M. C., Baines, S., Marques, C., Vilen, A., Duarte, E. L., Dias, M., Dewulf, S., Wichtowska, A., Valencia, A. C., Pelligand, L., Broens, E. M., Toutain, P. L., Alishani, M., Brennan, M. L., …Allerton, F. (2024). Antimicrobial prophylaxis in companion animal surgery: A scoping review for European Network for Optimization of Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines. Veterinary Journal, 304, Article 106101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106101

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Mar 10, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Mar 16, 2024
• Publication Date: 2024-04
• Deposit Date: May 29, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: May 29, 2024
• Journal: Veterinary Journal
• Print ISSN: 1090-0233
• Electronic ISSN: 1532-2971
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 304
• Article Number: 106101
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106101
• Keywords: Surgical Site Infection; SSI; Antimicrobial stewardship; Peri-operative; SAP; Dogs; Cats
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/32736171
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1090023324000406?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Antimicrobial prophylaxis in companion animal surgery: A scoping review for European Network for Optimization of Antimicrobial Therapy (ENOVAT) guidelines; Journal Title: The Veterinary Journal; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106101; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.