Smoking is a risk factor for autoimmune hepatitis: An English registry-based case-control study

Grønbæk, Lisbet; Omeife, Harmony; Ban, Lu; Crooks, Colin J.; Card, Timothy R.; Jepsen, Peter; West, Joe

Abstract

Purpose: Smoking is a risk factor for some autoimmune diseases, but its association with autoimmune hepatitis remains unknown. We conducted a population-based matched case–control study to examine the association between tobacco smoking and the risk of autoimmune hepatitis in England.

Patients and Methods: From the Clinical Practice Research Datalink and linked Hospital Episode Statistics, 2005– 2017, we included 987 cases diagnosed with autoimmune hepatitis after age 18 years and up to 10 frequency-matched population controls per case. We used multiple logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio of autoimmune hepatitis in ever-smokers vs never-smokers, adjusting for sex, age, general practice, calendar time of registration with the general practice, and socioeconomic status.

Results: The autoimmune hepatitis cases were more likely to be ever-smokers than the controls (44% vs 37%). The ever-smokers had an increased risk of autoimmune hepatitis compared with the never-smokers (adjusted odds ratio = 1.20, 95% confidence interval 1.03– 1.39).

Conclusion: Smoking was associated with an increased risk of autoimmune hepatitis.

Citation

Grønbæk, L., Omeife, H., Ban, L., Crooks, C. J., Card, T. R., Jepsen, P., & West, J. (2024). Smoking is a risk factor for autoimmune hepatitis: An English registry-based case-control study. Clinical Epidemiology, 16, 23-30. https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S439219

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jan 18, 2024
• Online Publication Date: Jan 31, 2024
• Publication Date: Jan 31, 2024
• Deposit Date: Jan 22, 2024
• Publicly Available Date: Jan 22, 2024
• Journal: Clinical Epidemiology
• Print ISSN: 1179-1349
• Electronic ISSN: 1179-1349
• Publisher: Dove Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 16
• Pages: 23-30
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S439219
• Keywords: epidemiology, chronic hepatitis, risk factors, tobacco
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/30108923
• Publisher URL: https://www.dovepress.com/smoking-is-a-risk-factor-for-autoimmune-hepatitis-an-english-registry--peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-CLEP