Measurement of brain glutathione with magnetic Resonance spectroscopy in Schizophrenia-Spectrum disorders - A systematic review and Meta-Analysis.

Murray, Alex J.; Humpston, Clara S.; Wilson, Martin; Rogers, Jack C.; Zia Ul Haq Katshu, Mohammad; Liddle, Peter F.; Upthegrove, Rachel

Abstract

Oxidative stress may contribute to declining course and poor outcomes in psychosis. However, in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy studies yield disparate results due to clinical stage, sample demographics, neuroanatomical focus, sample size, and acquisition method variations. We investigated glutathione in brain regions from participants with psychosis, and the relation of glutathione to clinical features and spectroscopy protocols. Meta-analysis comprised 21 studies. Glutathione levels did not differ between total psychosis patients (N = 639) and controls (N = 704) in the Medial Prefrontal region (k = 21, d = -0.09, CI = -0.28 to 0.10, p = 0.37). Patients with stable schizophrenia exhibited a small but significant glutathione reduction compared to controls (k = 14, d = -0.20, CI = -0.40 to -0.00, p = 0.05). Meta-regression showed older studies had greater glutathione reductions, possibly reflecting greater accuracy related to spectroscopy advancements in more recent studies. No significant effects of methodological variables, such as voxel size or echo time were found. Reduced glutathione in patients with stable established schizophrenia may provide novel targets for precision medicine. Standardizing MRS acquisition methods in future studies may help address discrepancies in glutathione levels. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2023 The Author(s)]

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Sep 23, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Sep 26, 2023
• Publication Date: 2024-01
• Deposit Date: Dec 9, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Dec 12, 2023
• Journal: Brain, behavior, and immunity
• Print ISSN: 0889-1591
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 115
• Pages: 3-12
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2023.09.017
• Keywords: Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, Brain imaging, Schizophrenia phases
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/25952907
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0889159123002817?via%3Dihub