Q-Ball Superradiance

Saffin, Paul M.; Xie, Qi-Xin; Zhou, Shuang-Yong

Abstract

Q-balls are nontopological solitons that coherently rotate in field space. We show that these coherent rotations can induce superradiance for scattering waves, thanks to the fact that the scattering involves two coupled modes. Despite the conservation of the particle number in the scattering, the mismatch between the frequencies of the two modes allows for the enhancement of the energy and angular momentum of incident waves. When the Q-ball spins in real space, additional rotational superradiance is also possible, which can further boost the enhancements. We identify the criteria for the energy and angular momentum superradiance to occur.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 29, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Sep 11, 2023
• Publication Date: Sep 15, 2023
• Deposit Date: Sep 13, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 13, 2023
• Journal: Physical Review Letters
• Print ISSN: 0031-9007
• Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
• Publisher: American Physical Society (APS)
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 131
• Issue: 11
• Article Number: 111601
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.131.111601
• Keywords: Classical solutions in field theory; Dark matter; Solitons; Superradiance & subradiance
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/25347827
• Publisher URL: https://journals.aps.org/prl/abstract/10.1103/PhysRevLett.131.111601