Detecting the H I power spectrum in the post-reionization Universe with SKA-Low

Chen, Zhaoting; Chapman, Emma; Wolz, Laura; Mazumder, Aishrila

Abstract

We present a survey strategy to detect the neutral hydrogen (H I) power spectrum at 5 < z < 6 using the SKA-Low radio telescope in presence of foregrounds and instrumental effects. We simulate observations of the inherently weak H I signal post-reionization with varying levels of noise and contamination with foreground amplitudes equivalent to residuals after sky model subtraction. We find that blind signal separation methods on imaged data are required in order to recover the H I signal at large cosmological scales. Comparing different methods of foreground cleaning, we find that Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) performs better than Principle Component Analysis (PCA), with the key difference being that GPR uses smooth kernels for the total data covariance. The integration time of one field needs to be larger than ∼250 hours to provide large enough signal-to-noise ratio to accurately model the data covariance for foreground cleaning. Images within the primary beam field-of-view give measurements of the H I power spectrum at scales k ∼ 0.02 Mpc−1 − 0.3 Mpc−1 with signal-to-noise ratio ∼2 − 5 in Δ[log(k/Mpc−1)] = 0.25 bins assuming an integration time of 600 h. Systematic effects, which introduce small-scale fluctuations across frequency channels, need to be ≲ 5 × 10−5 to enable unbiased measurements outside the foreground wedge. Our results provide an important validation towards using the SKA-Low array for measuring the H I power spectrum in the post-reionization Universe.

Citation

Chen, Z., Chapman, E., Wolz, L., & Mazumder, A. (2023). Detecting the H I power spectrum in the post-reionization Universe with SKA-Low. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 524(3), 3724-3740. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2102

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jul 6, 2023
• Online Publication Date: Jul 13, 2023
• Publication Date: 2023-09
• Deposit Date: Aug 5, 2023
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 15, 2023
• Journal: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• Print ISSN: 0035-8711
• Electronic ISSN: 1365-2966
• Publisher: Oxford University Press
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 524
• Issue: 3
• Pages: 3724-3740
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stad2102
• Keywords: techniques: interferometric, (cosmology:) large-scale structure of Universe, radio lines: general
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/23472243
• Publisher URL: https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/524/3/3724/7224014