Cigarette smoking differentially affects immunoglobulin class levels in serum and saliva: An investigation and review

Tarbiah, Nesrin; Todd, Ian; Tighe, Patrick J.; Fairclough, Lucy C.

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to compare concentrations of IgG, IgA, IgM and IgD in both serum and saliva samples from smoking and non-smoking subjects using a protein microarray assay. The findings were also compared to previous studies. Serum and saliva were collected from 48 smoking male subjects and 48 age-matched neversmoker male subjects. The protein microarray assays for detection of human IgG, IgM, IgA and IgD were established and optimized using Ig class-specific affinity purified goat anti-human Ig-Fc capture antibodies and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)- conjugated goat anti-human Ig-Fc detection antibodies. The Ig class specificity of the microarray assays was verified and the optimal dilutions of serum and saliva samples was determined for quantification of Ig levels against standard curves. We found that smoking is associated with reduced IgG concentrations and enhanced IgA concentrations in both serum and saliva. By contrast, smoking differentially affected IgM concentrations – causing increased concentrations in serum, but decreased concentrations in saliva. Smoking was associated with decreased IgD concentrations in serum, and did not have a significant effect on the very low IgD concentrations in saliva. Thus, cigarette smoking differentially affects the levels of Ig classes systemically and in the oral mucosa. Although there is variation between the results of different published studies, there is a consensus that smokers have significantly reduced levels of IgG in both serum and saliva. A functional antibody deficiency associated with smoking may compromise the body’s response to infection and result in a predisposition to the development of autoimmunity.

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 16, 2019
• Online Publication Date: Jul 21, 2019
• Publication Date: Nov 1, 2019
• Deposit Date: Jun 28, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 22, 2020
• Journal: Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology
• Print ISSN: 1742-7835
• Electronic ISSN: 1742-7843
• Publisher: Wiley
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 125
• Issue: 5
• Pages: 474-483
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13278
• Keywords: Cigarette smoke; Immunoglobulin; IgG; IgA; IgM; IgD; Serum; Saliva; Protein microarray
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2237690
• Publisher URL: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/bcpt.13278
• Additional Information: This is the peer reviewed version of the following article: Tarbiah, N, Todd, I, Tighe, PJ, Fairclough, LC. Cigarette smoking differentially affects immunoglobulin class levels in serum and saliva: An investigation and review. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2019; 00: 1– 11. , which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13278 . This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions