Constructed wetlands for steel slag leachate management: Partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and vanadium in waters, sediments, and plants

Gomes, Helena I.; Mayes, William M.; Whitby, Paul; Rogerson, Mike

Abstract

Constructed wetlands can treat highly alkaline leachate resulting from the weathering of steel slag before reuse (e.g. as aggregate) or during disposal in repositories and legacy sites. This study aimed to assess how metal(loid)s soluble at high pH, such as arsenic (As), chromium (Cr), and vanadium (V) are removed in constructed wetlands and how they accumulate in the sediments and the plants (Phragmites australis, common reed). The results show that reedbeds were very effective at removing calciumCa (98%), Al aluminium (81%), Ba barium (98%), Cr chromium (90%), Ga gallium (80%), Ni nickel (98%), and Zn zinc (98%), and lowering pH and alkalinity. No statistical difference was found for As and V between leachate influent and wetland samples, showing that these metal(loid)s were not efficiently removed. As, Cr, and V were significantly higher in the reedbed sediments than in a reference site. However, sediment concentrations are not at levels that would pose a concern regarding reuse for agricultural purposes (average values of 39 ± 26 mg kg-1 for As, 108 ± 15 mg kg-1 for Cr, and 231 ± 34 mg kg-1 for V). Also, there is no significant uptake of metals by the aboveground portions of the reeds compared to reference conditions. Results show statistically significant enrichment in metal(loid)s in rhizomes and also a seasonal effect on the Cr concentrations. The data suggest minimal risk of oxyanion-forming element uptake and cycling in wetlands receiving alkaline steel slag.

Citation

Gomes, H. I., Mayes, W. M., Whitby, P., & Rogerson, M. (2019). Constructed wetlands for steel slag leachate management: Partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and vanadium in waters, sediments, and plants. Journal of Environmental Management, 243, 30-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.127

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Apr 30, 2019
• Online Publication Date: May 9, 2019
• Publication Date: Aug 1, 2019
• Deposit Date: May 10, 2019
• Publicly Available Date: May 13, 2019
• Journal: Journal of Environmental Management
• Print ISSN: 0301-4797
• Electronic ISSN: 1095-8630
• Publisher: Elsevier
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 243
• Pages: 30-38
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.127
• Keywords: Alkaline drainage; Reedbeds; Passive treatment; Sediments; Phragmites australis
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2039656
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0301479719305948?via%3Dihub
• Additional Information: This article is maintained by: Elsevier; Article Title: Constructed wetlands for steel slag leachate management: Partitioning of arsenic, chromium, and vanadium in waters, sediments, and plants; Journal Title: Journal of Environmental Management; CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2019.04.127; Content Type: article; Copyright: © 2019 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
• Contract Date: May 13, 2019