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Towards more sustainable synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrroles

Pop, Flavia; Humphreys, Joshua; Schwarz, Jesper; Brown, Liam; van den Berg, Ashmiani; Amabilino, David B.

Authors

Flavia Pop

Joshua Humphreys

Jesper Schwarz

Liam Brown

Ashmiani van den Berg

David B. Amabilino



Abstract

The alkylation of 1,4-diketo-3,6-arylpyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrroles (ArDPP) is one of the most important steps in the synthesis of soluble materials based on these molecules and the polymers derived from them (that are employed widely in putative organic solar cells). Here we report an improvement in their method of synthesis replacing habitual solvent and base. Compared with more usual conditions, we employed acetonitrile as solvent to give higher or similar yields, with less toxic and hazardous waste, lower reaction time and temperature, and allows recycling of unreacted starting materials. Unlike dimethylformamide and N-methylpyrrolidone, which are the most commonly employed solvents. Our reaction conditions have been tested on three different ArDPPs (Ar = thiophene, phenyl and 4-methoxyphenyl) with a variety of linear and branched alkyl reagents. The results show similar and improved results in comparison with the published reports while reducing the waste and hazard of the reaction, as well as simplifying the purification of the products in many cases. Overall this method has lower environmental impact, is more cost effective and requires neither the use of dry solvent nor inert atmosphere.

Citation

Pop, F., Humphreys, J., Schwarz, J., Brown, L., van den Berg, A., & Amabilino, D. B. (2019). Towards more sustainable synthesis of diketopyrrolopyrroles. New Journal of Chemistry, 43(15), 5783-5790. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01074b

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Mar 14, 2019
Online Publication Date Mar 20, 2019
Publication Date Mar 20, 2019
Deposit Date Mar 21, 2019
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal New Journal of Chemistry
Print ISSN 1144-0546
Electronic ISSN 1369-9261
Publisher Royal Society of Chemistry
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 43
Issue 15
Pages 5783-5790
DOI https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01074b
Keywords Materials chemistry; General chemistry; Catalysis
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1673601
Publisher URL https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2019/NJ/C9NJ01074B#!divAbstract

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