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Perioperative cerebral microbleeds after adult cardiac surgery

Patel, Nikil; Banahan, Caroline; Janus, Justyna; Horsfield, Mark A.; Cox, Anthony; Li, Xingfeng; Cappellugola, Laurie; Colman, Jordan; Egan, Vincent; Garrard, Peter; Chung, Emma M.L.

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Authors

Nikil Patel

Caroline Banahan

Justyna Janus

Mark A. Horsfield

Anthony Cox

Xingfeng Li

Laurie Cappellugola

Jordan Colman

Vincent Egan

Peter Garrard

Emma M.L. Chung



Abstract

Background and Purpose: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) have been observed using magnetic resonance imaging in patients with cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive deterioration, small vessel disease, and dementia. They are a well-known consequence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy, chronic hypertension, and diffuse axonal injury, among other causes. However, the frequency and location of new CMBs postadult cardiac surgery, in association with cognition and perioperative risk factors, have yet to be studied.
Methods: Pre- and postsurgery magnetic resonance susceptibility-weighted images and neuropsychological tests were analyzed from a total of 75 patients undergoing cardiac surgery (70 men; mean age, 63±10 years). CMBs were identified by a neuroradiologist blinded to clinical details who independently assessed the presence and location of CMBs using standardized criteria.
Results: New CMBs were identified in 76% of patients after cardiac surgery. The majority of new CMBs were located in the frontal lobe (46%) followed by the parietal lobe (15%), cerebellum (13%), occipital lobe (12%), and temporal lobe (8%). Patients with new CMBs typically began with a higher prevalence of preexisting CMBs (P=0.02). New CMBs were associated with longer cardiopulmonary bypass times (P=0.003), and there was a borderline association with lower percentage hematocrit (P=0.04). Logistic regression analysis suggested a ≈2% increase in the odds of acquiring new CMBs during cardiac surgery for every minute of bypass time (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% CI, 1.00–1.05; P=0.04). Postoperative neuropsychological decline was observed in 44% of patients and seemed to be unrelated to new CMBs.
Conclusions: New CMBs identified using susceptibility-weighted images were found in 76% of patients who underwent cardiac surgery. CMBs were globally distributed with the highest numbers in the frontal and parietal lobes. Our regression analysis indicated that length of cardiopulmonary bypass time and lowered hematocrit may be significant predictors for new CMBs after cardiac surgery.

Citation

Patel, N., Banahan, C., Janus, J., Horsfield, M. A., Cox, A., Li, X., …Chung, E. M. (2018). Perioperative cerebral microbleeds after adult cardiac surgery. Stroke, 50(2), 336-343. https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.118.023355

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Nov 8, 2018
Online Publication Date Dec 21, 2018
Publication Date Dec 21, 2018
Deposit Date Jan 8, 2019
Publicly Available Date Jan 8, 2019
Journal Stroke
Print ISSN 0039-2499
Electronic ISSN 1524-4628
Publisher American Heart Association
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 50
Issue 2
Pages 336-343
DOI https://doi.org/10.1161/strokeaha.118.023355
Keywords Advanced and Specialised Nursing; Clinical Neurology; Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/1450324
Contract Date Jan 8, 2019

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