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Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections

Ranger, Tom Alan; Clift, Ash Kieran; Patone, Martina; Coupland, Carol A. C.; Hatch, Robert; Thomas, Karen; Watkinson, Peter; Hippisley-Cox, Julia

Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections Thumbnail


Authors

Tom Alan Ranger

Ash Kieran Clift

Martina Patone

CAROL COUPLAND carol.coupland@nottingham.ac.uk
Professor of Medical Statistics

Robert Hatch

Karen Thomas

Peter Watkinson

Julia Hippisley-Cox



Abstract

Importance Evidence indicates that preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions confer increased risks of severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection. It is unclear how this increased risk compares with risks associated with other severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs).

Objective To determine whether preexisting diagnosis of and/or treatment for a neuropsychiatric condition is associated with severe outcomes from COVID-19 infection and other SARIs and whether any observed association is similar between the 2 outcomes.

Design, Setting, and Participants Prepandemic (2015-2020) and contemporary (2020-2021) longitudinal cohorts were derived from the QResearch database of English primary care records. Adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) with 99% CIs were estimated in April 2022 using flexible parametric survival models clustered by primary care clinic. This study included a population-based sample, including all adults in the database who had been registered with a primary care clinic for at least 1 year. Analysis of routinely collected primary care electronic medical records was performed.

Exposures Diagnosis of and/or medication for anxiety, mood, or psychotic disorders and diagnosis of dementia, depression, schizophrenia, or bipolar disorder.

Main Outcomes and Measures COVID-19–related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission; SARI-related mortality, or hospital or intensive care unit admission.

Results The prepandemic cohort comprised 11 134 789 adults (223 569 SARI cases [2.0%]) with a median (IQR) age of 42 (29-58) years, of which 5 644 525 (50.7%) were female. The contemporary cohort comprised 8 388 956 adults (58 203 severe COVID-19 cases [0.7%]) with a median (IQR) age of 48 (34-63) years, of which 4 207 192 were male (50.2%). Diagnosis and/or treatment for neuropsychiatric conditions other than dementia was associated with an increased likelihood of a severe outcome from SARI (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.13-1.18; psychotic disorder diagnosis and treatment: HR, 2.56; 99% CI, 2.40-2.72) and COVID-19 (anxiety diagnosis: HR, 1.16; 99% CI, 1.12-1.20; psychotic disorder treatment: HR, 2.37; 99% CI, 2.20-2.55). The effect estimate for severe outcome with dementia was higher for those with COVID-19 than SARI (HR, 2.85; 99% CI, 2.71-3.00 vs HR, 2.13; 99% CI, 2.07-2.19).

Conclusions and Relevance In this longitudinal cohort study, UK patients with preexisting neuropsychiatric conditions and treatments were associated with similarly increased risks of severe outcome from COVID-19 infection and SARIs, except for dementia.

Citation

Ranger, T. A., Clift, A. K., Patone, M., Coupland, C. A. C., Hatch, R., Thomas, K., …Hippisley-Cox, J. (2022). Preexisting Neuropsychiatric Conditions and Associated Risk of Severe COVID-19 Infection and Other Acute Respiratory Infections. JAMA Psychiatry, 80(1), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3614

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Sep 14, 2022
Online Publication Date Nov 9, 2022
Publication Date Nov 9, 2022
Deposit Date Nov 16, 2022
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal JAMA Psychiatry
Print ISSN 2168-622X
Electronic ISSN 2168-6238
Publisher American Medical Association (AMA)
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 80
Issue 1
Pages 57-65
DOI https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapsychiatry.2022.3614
Keywords Psychiatry and Mental health
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/13747119
Publisher URL https://jamanetwork.com/journals/jamapsychiatry/fullarticle/2798511

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