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Microwaves in clean energy technologies (2025)
Journal Article
Hefford, S., Barter, M., Azam, M. U., Singh, B., Dimitrakis, G., Jie, X., Edwards, P., & Slocombe, D. R. (2025). Microwaves in clean energy technologies. Philosophical Transactions A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 383(2297), https://doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2024.0394

Energy in the microwave spectrum is increasingly applied in clean energy technologies. This review discusses recent innovations using microwave fields in hydrogen production and synthesis of new battery materials, highlighting the unique properties o... Read More about Microwaves in clean energy technologies.

Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing (2025)
Journal Article
Hege, C. S., Hamilton, I. E., Dundas, A. A., Adlington, K., Walker, E., Henke, H., Wang, K., Dimitrakis, G., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Fox, C. B., & Irvine, D. J. (2025). Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing. Chemistry, 7(1), Article 10. https://doi.org/10.3390/chemistry7010010

A novel flow process to produce low-molecular-weight (Mwt) methacrylate oligomer mixtures that have potential as vaccine adjuvants and chain transfer agents (CTAs) is reported. The chemistry and process were designed to significantly reduce the numbe... Read More about Dielectrically Monitored Flow Synthesis of Functional Vaccine Adjuvant Mixtures via Microwave-Assisted Catalytic Chain Transfer Processing.

A novel method for fast and efficient numerical simulation of microwave heating in liquids during mixing (2024)
Journal Article
Singh, B., Hefford, S., Sanchez-Perez, E., Barter, M., Slocombe, D. R., Cussen, S. A., & Dimitrakis, G. (2025). A novel method for fast and efficient numerical simulation of microwave heating in liquids during mixing. International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, 237, Article 126425. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126425

Microwave-assisted chemical reactions present potentially more sustainable routes for process intensification compared with traditional approaches, due to the reduction of reaction times, temperatures, and side reactions. Despite the common misconcep... Read More about A novel method for fast and efficient numerical simulation of microwave heating in liquids during mixing.

State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys (2024)
Journal Article
Hossain, F., Turner, J. V., Wilson, R., Chen, L., de Looze, G., Kingman, S. W., Dodds, C., & Dimitrakis, G. (2024). State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 202, Article 114650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114650

Discovery of the capacity of microwave energy to heat materials was a major milestone in the history of technology and scientific research. This discovery led to the development of many devices and processes that have replaced conventional heating me... Read More about State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys.

Coaxial Dielectric Spectroscopy as an In-Line Process Analytical Technique for Reaction Monitoring (2023)
Journal Article
Dalligos, D. M., Pilling, M. J., Dimitrakis, G., & Ball, L. T. (2023). Coaxial Dielectric Spectroscopy as an In-Line Process Analytical Technique for Reaction Monitoring. Organic Process Research and Development, 27(6), 1094-1103. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.oprd.3c00081

The suitability of broadband dielectric spectroscopy (DS) as a tool for in-line (in situ) reaction monitoring is demonstrated. Using the esterification of 4-nitrophenol as a test-case, we show that multivariate analysis of time-resolved DS data – col... Read More about Coaxial Dielectric Spectroscopy as an In-Line Process Analytical Technique for Reaction Monitoring.

Ring opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone with novel microwave magnetic heating and cyto-compatible catalyst (2023)
Journal Article
Wang, K., Ni, M., Dundas, A. A., Dimitrakis, G., & Irvine, D. J. (2023). Ring opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone with novel microwave magnetic heating and cyto-compatible catalyst. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 11, Article 1123477. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2023.1123477

We report on the ring-opening polymerization of ɛ-caprolactone incorporated with a magnetic susceptible catalyst, FeCl3, via the use of microwave magnetic heating (HH) which primarily heats the bulk with a magnetic field (H-field) from an electromagn... Read More about Ring opening polymerisation of ɛ-caprolactone with novel microwave magnetic heating and cyto-compatible catalyst.

Small Bubbles Formation and Contribution to the Overall Gas Holdup in Large Diameter Columns of Very High Viscosity Oil (2022)
Journal Article
Mohammed, S. K., Hasan, A. H., Dimitrakis, G., & Azzopardi, B. J. (2022). Small Bubbles Formation and Contribution to the Overall Gas Holdup in Large Diameter Columns of Very High Viscosity Oil. International Journal of Multiphase Flow, 152, Article 104104. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmultiphaseflow.2022.104104

A limited number of studies are available in literature on the small bubbles which create from gas-very high viscosity oils interaction and its contribution to the gas holdup in the system. The rate of small bubble formation has an important impact o... Read More about Small Bubbles Formation and Contribution to the Overall Gas Holdup in Large Diameter Columns of Very High Viscosity Oil.

An experimental study on the effect of gas injection configuration on flow characteristics in high viscosity oil columns (2021)
Journal Article
Mohammed, S. K., Hasan, A. H., Ibrahim, A., & Dimitrakis, G. (2021). An experimental study on the effect of gas injection configuration on flow characteristics in high viscosity oil columns. Canadian Journal of Chemical Engineering, 100(10), 3015-3029. https://doi.org/10.1002/cjce.24312

Gas-viscous liquid bubbly and slug flow are very common in petroleum, chemical, bioengineering, polymer, and food processing. However, there is a major knowledge gap in two-phase flow research in the design of gas injectors/distributers in very high... Read More about An experimental study on the effect of gas injection configuration on flow characteristics in high viscosity oil columns.

Evaluation of Microwave Applicator Design on Electromagnetic Field Distribution and Heating Pattern of Cooked Peeled Shrimp (2021)
Journal Article
Siguemoto, É. S., Gut, J. A. W., Dimitrakis, G., Curet, S., & Boillereaux, L. (2021). Evaluation of Microwave Applicator Design on Electromagnetic Field Distribution and Heating Pattern of Cooked Peeled Shrimp. Foods, 10(8), Article 1903. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods10081903

Non-uniform temperature distribution within solid food is a major problem associated with microwave heating, which limits industrial applications. Therefore, an experimentally validated 3D model was proposed to study the effect of microwave applicato... Read More about Evaluation of Microwave Applicator Design on Electromagnetic Field Distribution and Heating Pattern of Cooked Peeled Shrimp.