CHRIS DODDS's Outputs (25)

Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture (2024)
Journal Article
Duran-Jimenez, G., Rodriguez, J., Stevens, L., Altarawneh, S., Batchelor, A., Jiang, L., & Dodds, C. (2024). Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture. Chemical Engineering Journal, 499, Article 156135. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.156135

Biomass residues are crucial feedstocks for facing climate change challenges due to high-value products, such as producing activated carbons (AC) for carbon capture. Two stages of pyrolysis followed by activation at high temperatures are the most use... Read More about Single-step preparation of activated carbons from pine wood, olive stones and nutshells by KOH and microwaves: Influence of ultra-microporous for high CO2 capture.

State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys (2024)
Journal Article
Hossain, F., Turner, J. V., Wilson, R., Chen, L., de Looze, G., Kingman, S. W., …Dimitrakis, G. (2024). State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 202, Article 114650. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2024.114650

Discovery of the capacity of microwave energy to heat materials was a major milestone in the history of technology and scientific research. This discovery led to the development of many devices and processes that have replaced conventional heating me... Read More about State-of-the-art in microwave processing of metals, metal powders and alloys.

Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation (2024)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Ali, L., Altarawneh, M., Ahmed, O. H., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2024). Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation. Chemical Engineering Journal, 493, Article 152873. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.152873

The elimination of toxic heavy metals from metallurgical wastes before its recycling to steel furnaces is essential. Lead oxide (PbO) is a major toxic heavy metal present in electric arc furnace dust (EAFD). The co-recycling of EAFD with Polyvinyl ch... Read More about Thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of lead oxide: A kinetic and mechanistic investigation.

Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor (2024)
Journal Article
Rodriguez, J., Morona, L., Erans, M., Buttress, A. J., Nicholls, M., Batchelor, A. R., Duran-Jimenez, G., Kingman, S., Groszek, D., & Dodds, C. (2024). Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor. Chemical Engineering and Processing: Process Intensification, 202, Article 109838. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cep.2024.109838

Challenges exist to implementing high-temperature microwave processes with changing dielectric properties that achieve uniform processing. This paper presents a new high-temperature hybrid microwave processing system which overcomes these challenges... Read More about Solving the microwave heating uniformity conundrum for scalable high-temperature processes via a toroidal fluidised-bed reactor.

Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping (2024)
Journal Article
Erans, M., Durán-Jimenez, G., Rodríguez, J. M., Stevens, L., & Dodds, C. (2024). Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping. Journal of Co2 Utilization, 83, Article 102794. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2024.102794

Waste eggshells have been investigated as biomineralised CO2 sorbents for the calcium looping cycle due to their high Ca content, low cost, availability, and high CO2 uptake. This work investigates a novel heat-pre-treatment using eggshells as raw ma... Read More about Microwave thermal pre-treatment and calcination of biomineralised sorbents for calcium looping.

Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption (2024)
Journal Article
Durán-Jiménez, G., Rodriguez, J., Stevens, L., Kostas, E. T., & Dodds, C. (2024). Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal, 488, Article 150926. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2024.150926

Hierarchical porous activated carbons (ACs) were efficiently synthesized in less than 2 min using microwaves and phosphoric acid (H3PO4), exhibiting excellent potential as adsorbent for carbon dioxide (CO2) and Methylene Blue (MB). The method emphasi... Read More about Microwave pyrolysis of waste biomass and synthesis of micro-mesoporous activated carbons: The role of textural properties for CO2 and textile dye adsorption.

Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions (2023)
Journal Article
Al-Harahsheh, M., Altarawneh, S., Al-Omari, M., Altarawneh, M., Kingman, S., & Dodds, C. (2023). Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions. Jordanian Journal of Engineering and Chemical Industries, 6(3), 39-46. https://doi.org/10.48103/jjeci672023

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) are two hazardous wastes that are accumulated world-wide at an alarming rate. Utilising these two wastes simultaneously towards a sustainable recycling loop can greatly mitigate their envi... Read More about Chlorine Fixing Ability of Electric Arc Furnace Dust During the Thermal Degradation of Polyvinyl Chloride under Oxidative Conditions.

A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite (2022)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2022). A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite. Thermochimica Acta, 718, Article 179390. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2022.179390

Electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is accumulated in large amounts world-wide contains hematite (Fe2O3) and significant quantities of magnetite (Fe3O4). Waste polyvinyl chloride (PVC) also poses a great environmental threat aside to accumulated E... Read More about A thermo-kinetic investigation on the thermal degradation of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of magnetite and hematite.

Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite (2022)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Dodds, C., Buttress, A., & Kingman, S. (2022). Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 168, 558-569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.028

Thermal co-treatment of Electric Arc Furnace Dust (EAFD) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) may provide a viable route for reprocessing these hazardous materials within the circular economy. To develop and optimise a commercial treatment process, the compl... Read More about Thermodynamic, pyrolytic, and kinetic investigation on the thermal decomposition of polyvinyl chloride in the presence of franklinite.

S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing (2022)
Journal Article
Rodriguez, J., Ampuero, J., Valderrama, W., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., & Carrasco, H. (2022). S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing. Microwave and Optical Technology Letters, 64(12), 2160-2164. https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.33431

The development of an elliptical–cylindrical cavity for microwave thermal processing of materials at high electric field strengths is reported. The design methodology based on numerical modeling is validated by experimental measurements. The system c... Read More about S-band elliptical–cylindrical cavity resonator for material processing.

Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies (2022)
Journal Article
Durán-Jiménez, G., Rodriguez, J., Kostas, E. T., Stevens, L. A., Lozada-Rodríguez, L., Binner, E., & Dodds, C. (2022). Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies. Chemical Engineering Journal, 438, Article 135549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2022.135549

Microwave has become an attractive technology in the valorisation of renewable biomass and in the mitigation of challenges of climate change. In this work, the synergic effects of coupling microwave and mild conventional heating conditions has been i... Read More about Simultaneous conventional and microwave heating for the synthesis of adsorbents for CO2 capture: Comparative study to pristine technologies.

Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide (2021)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Dodds, C., Buttress, A., & Kingman, S. (2022). Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide. Thermochimica Acta, 707, Article 179105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2021.179105

This work investigates the degradation kinetics and the pyrolysis behavior of Poly (vinyl chloride) (PVC) and its mixture with ZnO using thermogravimetric analysis under an inert atmosphere. The investigation was carried out due to the increased inte... Read More about Thermal degradation kinetics of polyvinyl chloride in presence of zinc oxide.

Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment (2021)
Journal Article
Al-Harahsheh, M., Altarawneh, S., Al-Omari, M., Altarawneh, M., Kingman, S., & Dodds, C. (2021). Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment. Journal of Cleaner Production, 328, Article 129622. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.129622

Oxidative thermal treatment of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) mixed with poly(vinyl) chloride (PVC) was carried out to study the impact of oxidizing environment on the extraction of valuable metals. The effect of oxygen partial pressure, temperatur... Read More about Leaching behavior of zinc and lead from electric arc furnace dust – Poly(vinyl) chloride residues after oxidative thermal treatment.

Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields (2021)
Journal Article
Altarawneh, S., Al-Harahsheh, M., Buttress, A., Dodds, C., Rodriguez, J., & Kingman, S. (2021). Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, 104, 521-528. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2021.09.001

Microwave heating of waste electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) for the purpose of its remediation has been studied extensively. However, these studies considered EAFD as a bulk material without addressing either the relative response of its individual c... Read More about Microwave selective heating of electric arc furnace dust constituents toward sustainable recycling: Contribution of electric and magnetic fields.

Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy (2019)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Ure, A., Stevens, L., Binner, E., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., …Lester, E. (2019). Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy. Energy and Fuels, 33(7), 6817-6828. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00511

This paper shows how feedstock densification gives rise to a step change in the time required to create a metallurgical grade coke using microwave energy. Five densified coking and non-coking coals were heated in a multi-mode microwave 2450 MHz cavit... Read More about Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy.

Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment (2018)
Journal Article
Buttress, A., Rodriguez, J., Ure, A., Ferrari, R., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2019). Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment. Minerals Engineering, 131, 407-419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2018.11.025

© 2018 Demand for high purity silica used in component manufacture is set to outstrip current supply in the near future. As such, alternative processing routes to feed-stock materials suitable for use in lighting and solar cell fabrication are requir... Read More about Production of high purity silica by microfluidic-inclusion fracture using microwave pre-treatment.

Realising the environmental benefits of metal–organic frameworks: recent advances in microwave synthesis (2018)
Journal Article
Thomas-Hillman, I., Laybourn, A., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. W. (2018). Realising the environmental benefits of metal–organic frameworks: recent advances in microwave synthesis. Journal of Materials Chemistry A, 6(25), 11564-11581. https://doi.org/10.1039/c8ta02919a

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a broad class of porous crystalline materials that show great potential for a wide-range of applications in areas such as energy and environmental sustainability. MOFscan show significant advantages in gas selectiv... Read More about Realising the environmental benefits of metal–organic frameworks: recent advances in microwave synthesis.

Selective molecular annealing: in situ small angle X-ray scattering study of microwave-assisted annealing of block copolymers (2017)
Journal Article

Microwave annealing has emerged as an alternative to traditional thermal annealing approaches for optimising block copolymer self-assembly. A novel sample environment enabling small angle X-ray scattering to be performed in situ during microwave anne... Read More about Selective molecular annealing: in situ small angle X-ray scattering study of microwave-assisted annealing of block copolymers.

Microwave assisted hydro-distillation of essential oils from fresh ginger root (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) (2017)
Journal Article
Racoti, A., Buttress, A., Binner, E., Dodds, C., Trifan, A., & Calinescu, I. (2017). Microwave assisted hydro-distillation of essential oils from fresh ginger root (Zingiber officinale Roscoe). Journal of Essential Oil Research, https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2017.1360216

A solvent free in situ microwave hydro-distillation method for extraction of essential oil from fresh ginger root it presented. Extraction was conducted in a TE10n single-mode microwave cavity and variable power 2 kW generator operating at 2.45GHz. T... Read More about Microwave assisted hydro-distillation of essential oils from fresh ginger root (Zingiber officinale Roscoe).

Utilization of dielectric properties assessment to evaluate the catalytic activity and rate of deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts (2017)
Journal Article
Sibianu, T. I., Dimitrakis, G., Katrib, J., Matei, C., Berger, D., Dodds, C., Surdu, A. V., Calinescu, I., & Irvine, . D. J. (2017). Utilization of dielectric properties assessment to evaluate the catalytic activity and rate of deactivation of heterogeneous catalysts. 00 Journal not listed, 56(8), 1940–1947. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04341

Pilot scale microwave sorting of porphyry copper ores: Part 2 – Pilot plant trials (2016)
Journal Article
Batchelor, A., Ferrari-John, R., Dodds, C., & Kingman, S. (2016). Pilot scale microwave sorting of porphyry copper ores: Part 2 – Pilot plant trials. Minerals Engineering, 98, 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2016.07.009

An experimental pilot plant was constructed, commissioned and operated at a major porphyry copper mine to understand the challenges of microwave infrared thermal (MW-IRT) sorting at scale and to compare batch laboratory performance with pilot-scale c... Read More about Pilot scale microwave sorting of porphyry copper ores: Part 2 – Pilot plant trials.

Understanding the performance of a pilot vermiculite exfoliation system through process mineralogy (2015)
Journal Article
Udoudo, O., Folorunso, O., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., & Ure, A. (2015). Understanding the performance of a pilot vermiculite exfoliation system through process mineralogy. Minerals Engineering, 82, 84-91. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mineng.2015.03.023

This paper reports on the application of process mineralogy to understand the experimental performance of a microwave based system for the exfoliation of vermiculite type minerals. When montmorillonite type clay structures are exposed to high intensi... Read More about Understanding the performance of a pilot vermiculite exfoliation system through process mineralogy.

Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design (2014)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Medeira-Munoyerro, M., Huddle, T., Kingman, S., Dodds, C., Dimitrakis, G., …Lester, E. (2014). Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design. Fuel Processing Technology, 125, 8-17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuproc.2014.03.006

The work carried out in this paper assessed how processing conditions and feedstock affect the quality of the coke produced during microwave coke making. The aim was to gather information that would support the development of an optimised microwave c... Read More about Factors affecting the microwave coking of coals and the implications on microwave cavity design.

A review of microwave coal processing (2014)
Journal Article
Binner, E., Lester, E., Kingman, S., Dodds, C., Wu, T., Robinson, J. P., …Mathews, J. P. (2014). A review of microwave coal processing. Journal of Microwave Power and Electromagnetic Energy, 48(1),

This paper reviews the application of microwave energy in coal processing and utilisation. It covers a wide variety of processes including liberation of minerals, coal drying, pre-treatment to improve grindability, liquefaction enhancements and coke... Read More about A review of microwave coal processing.

On DABAL-Me₃ promoted formation of amides (2013)
Journal Article
Dubois, N., Glynn, D., Mcinally, T., Rhodes, B., Woodward, S., Irvine, D., & Dodds, C. (2013). On DABAL-Me₃ promoted formation of amides. Tetrahedron, 69(46), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tet.2013.08.062

The range and utility of DABAL-Me3 couplings of methyl esters and free carboxylic acids with primary and secondary amines under a variety of conditions (reflux, sealed tube, microwave) has been compared for a significant range of coupling partners of... Read More about On DABAL-Me₃ promoted formation of amides.