Outputs (37)

Using machine learning to optimise chameleon fifth force experiments (2024)
Journal Article
Briddon, C., Burrage, C., Moss, A., & Tamosiunas, A. (2024). Using machine learning to optimise chameleon fifth force experiments. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2024(2), Article 11. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2024/02/011

The chameleon is a theorised scalar field that couples to matter and possess a screening mechanism, which weakens observational constraints from experiments performed in regions of higher matter density. One consequence of this screening mechanism is... Read More about Using machine learning to optimise chameleon fifth force experiments.

Chameleon screening in cosmic voids (2022)
Journal Article
Tamosiunas, A., Briddon, C., Burrage, C., Cutforth, A., Moss, A., & Vincent, T. (2022). Chameleon screening in cosmic voids. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2022(11), Article 056. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/11/056

A key goal in cosmology in the upcoming decade will be to form a better understanding of the accelerated expansion of the Universe. Upcoming surveys, such as the Vera C. Rubin Observatory's 10-year Legacy Survey of Space and Time (LSST), Euclid and t... Read More about Chameleon screening in cosmic voids.

CMB constraints on monodromy inflation at strong coupling (2022)
Journal Article
Copeland, E. J., Cunillera, F., Moss, A., & Padilla, A. (2022). CMB constraints on monodromy inflation at strong coupling. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2022(09), Article 080. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/09/080

We carry out a thorough numerical examination of field theory monodromy inflation at strong coupling. We perform an MCMC analysis using a Gaussian likelihood, fitting multiparameter models using CMB constraints on the spectral index and the tensor to... Read More about CMB constraints on monodromy inflation at strong coupling.

Chameleon screening depends on the shape and structure of NFW halos (2022)
Journal Article
Tamosiunas, A., Briddon, C., Burrage, C., Cui, W., & Moss, A. (2022). Chameleon screening depends on the shape and structure of NFW halos. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2022(4), Article 047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2022/04/047

Chameleon gravity is an example of a model that gives rise to interesting phenomenology on cosmological scales while simultaneously possessing a screening mechanism, allowing it to avoid solar system constraints. Such models result in non-linear fiel... Read More about Chameleon screening depends on the shape and structure of NFW halos.

SELCIE: a tool for investigating the chameleon field of arbitrary sources (2021)
Journal Article
Briddon, C., Burrage, C., Moss, A., & Tamosiunas, A. (2021). SELCIE: a tool for investigating the chameleon field of arbitrary sources. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2021(12), 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2021/12/043

The chameleon model is a modified gravity theory that introduces an additional scalar field that couples to matter through a conformal coupling. This `chameleon field' possesses a screening mechanism through a nonlinear self-interaction term which al... Read More about SELCIE: a tool for investigating the chameleon field of arbitrary sources.

A High-Resolution Investigation of the Multi-Phase ISM in a Galaxy during the First Two Billion Years (2021)
Journal Article
Dye, S., Eales, S. A., Gomez, H. L., Jones, G. C., Smith, M. W. L., Borsato, E., …Vlahakis, C. (2022). A High-Resolution Investigation of the Multi-Phase ISM in a Galaxy during the First Two Billion Years. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510(3), 3734–3757. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stab3569

We have carried out the first spatially-resolved investigation of the multi-phase interstellar medium (ISM) at high redshift, using the z = 4.24 strongly-lensed sub-millimetre galaxy H-ATLASJ142413.9+022303 (ID141). We present high-resolution (down t... Read More about A High-Resolution Investigation of the Multi-Phase ISM in a Galaxy during the First Two Billion Years.

Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background (2020)
Journal Article
Clarke, T. J., Copeland, E. J., & Moss, A. (2020). Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2020(10), Article 002. https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2020/10/002

Searches for primordial gravitational waves have resulted in constraints in a large frequency range from a variety of sources. The standard Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) technique is to parameterise the tensor power spectrum in terms of the tenso... Read More about Constraints on primordial gravitational waves from the cosmic microwave background.

Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters (2020)
Journal Article
Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., …Zonca, A. (2020). Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 641, Article A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910

We present cosmological parameter results from the final full-mission Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies, combining information from the temperature and polarization maps and the lensing reconstruction. Compared... Read More about Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters.

Accelerated Bayesian inference using deep learning (2020)
Journal Article
Moss, A. (2020). Accelerated Bayesian inference using deep learning. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 496(1), 328-338. https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/staa1469

We present a novel Bayesian inference tool that uses a neural network (NN) to parametrize efficient Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposals. The target distribution is first transformed into a diagonal, unit variance Gaussian by a series of non-lin... Read More about Accelerated Bayesian inference using deep learning.

The shape dependence of chameleon screening (2018)
Journal Article
Burrage, C., Copeland, E. J., Moss, A., & Stevenson, J. A. (2018). The shape dependence of chameleon screening. Journal of Cosmology and Astroparticle Physics, 2018(1), https://doi.org/10.1088/1475-7516/2018/01/056

Chameleon scalar fields can screen their associated fifth forces from detection by changing their mass with the local density. These models are an archetypal example of a screening mechanism, and have become an important target for both cosmological... Read More about The shape dependence of chameleon screening.

Deep recurrent neural networks for supernovae classification (2017)
Journal Article
Charnock, T., & Moss, A. (2017). Deep recurrent neural networks for supernovae classification. Astrophysical Journal, 837(2), https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/aa603d

We apply deep recurrent neural networks, which are capable of learning complex sequential information, to classify supernovae (code available at https://github.com/adammoss/supernovae). The observational time and filter fluxes are used as inputs to t... Read More about Deep recurrent neural networks for supernovae classification.

Planck intermediate results. L. Evidence of spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB B-mode analysis (2017)
Journal Article
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., …Zonca, A. (2017). Planck intermediate results. L. Evidence of spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB B-mode analysis. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 599, Article A51. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629164

The characterization of the Galactic foregrounds has been shown to be the main obstacle in thechallenging quest to detect primordial B-modes in the polarized microwave sky. We make use of the Planck-HFI 2015 data release at high frequencies to place... Read More about Planck intermediate results. L. Evidence of spatial variation of the polarized thermal dust spectral energy distribution and implications for CMB B-mode analysis.

Planck intermediate results. XLIV. Structure of the Galactic magnetic field from dust polarization maps of the southern Galactic cap (2016)
Journal Article
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Alves, M. I. R., Arzoumanian, D., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results. XLIV. Structure of the Galactic magnetic field from dust polarization maps of the southern Galactic cap. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A105. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628636

Using data from the Planck satellite, we study the statistical properties of interstellar dust polarization at high Galactic latitudes around the south pole (b < −60°). Our aim is to advance the understanding of the magnetized interstellar medium (IS... Read More about Planck intermediate results. XLIV. Structure of the Galactic magnetic field from dust polarization maps of the southern Galactic cap.

Planck intermediate results. XLIX. Parity-violation constraints from polarization data (2016)
Journal Article
Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., Banday, A., …Zonca, A. (in press). Planck intermediate results. XLIX. Parity-violation constraints from polarization data. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A110. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629018

Parity-violating extensions of the standard electromagnetic theory cause in vacuo rotation of the plane of polarization of propagating photons. This effect, also known as cosmic birefringence, has an impact on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) an... Read More about Planck intermediate results. XLIX. Parity-violation constraints from polarization data.

Planck intermediate results. XLVII. Planck constraints on reionization history (2016)
Journal Article
Planck Collaboration, Adam, R., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results. XLVII. Planck constraints on reionization history. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A108. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628897

We investigate constraints on cosmic reionization extracted from the Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data. We combine the Planck CMB anisotropy data in temperature with the low-multipole polarization data to fit ΛCDM models with various para... Read More about Planck intermediate results. XLVII. Planck constraints on reionization history.

Planck intermediate results. XLVI. Reduction of large-scale systematic effects in HFI polarization maps and estimation of the reionization optical depth (2016)
Journal Article
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results. XLVI. Reduction of large-scale systematic effects in HFI polarization maps and estimation of the reionization optical depth. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A107. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201628890

This paper describes the identification, modelling, and removal of previously unexplained systematic effects in the polarization data of the Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) on large angular scales, including new mapmaking and calibration proce... Read More about Planck intermediate results. XLVI. Reduction of large-scale systematic effects in HFI polarization maps and estimation of the reionization optical depth.

Planck intermediate results. XLVIII. Disentangling Galactic dust emission and cosmic infrared background anisotropies (2016)
Journal Article
Planck Collaboration, Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Ballardini, M., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck intermediate results. XLVIII. Disentangling Galactic dust emission and cosmic infrared background anisotropies. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 596, Article A109. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201629022

Using the Planck 2015 data release (PR2) temperature maps, we separate Galactic thermal dust emission from cosmic infrared background (CIB) anisotropies. For this purpose, we implement a specifically tailored component-separation method, the so-calle... Read More about Planck intermediate results. XLVIII. Disentangling Galactic dust emission and cosmic infrared background anisotropies.

Planck 2015 results. XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A14. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525814

We study the implications of Planck data for models of dark energy (DE) and modified gravity (MG) beyond the standard cosmological constant scenario. We start with cases where the DE only directly affects the background evolution, considering Taylor... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XIV. Dark energy and modified gravity.

Planck 2015 results. XV. Gravitational lensing (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XV. Gravitational lensing. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, 1-28. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525941

We present the most significant measurement of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) lensing potential to date (at a level of 40σ), using temperature and polarization data from the Planck 2015 full-mission release. Using a polarization-only estimator... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XV. Gravitational lensing.

Planck 2015 results: VI. LFI mapmaking (2016)
Journal Article
Kisner, T. S., Kiiveri, K., Keskitalo, R., Kurki-Suonio, H., Kunz, M., Knoche, J., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results: VI. LFI mapmaking. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, A6. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525813

© ESO, 2016. This paper describes the mapmaking procedure applied to Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) data. The mapmaking step takes as input the calibrated timelines and pointing information. The main products are sky maps of I, Q, and U Stokes... Read More about Planck 2015 results: VI. LFI mapmaking.

Planck 2015 results. IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window functions (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window functions. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A4. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525809

This paper presents the characterization of the in-flight beams, the beam window functions, and the associated uncertainties for the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI). The structure of the paper is similar to that presented in the 2013 Planck rel... Read More about Planck 2015 results. IV. Low Frequency Instrument beams and window functions.

Planck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., Banday, A., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A5. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526632

We present a description of the pipeline used to calibrate the Planck Low Frequency Instrument (LFI) timelines into thermodynamic temperatures for the Planck 2015 data release, covering four years of uninterrupted operations. As in the 2013 data rele... Read More about Planck 2015 results. V. LFI calibration.

Planck 2015 results: XXVIII. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic cold clumps (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results: XXVIII. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic cold clumps. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A28. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525819

We present the Planck Catalogue of Galactic Cold Clumps (PGCC), an all-sky catalogue of Galactic cold clump candidates detected by Planck. This catalogue is the full version of the Early Cold Core (ECC) catalogue, which was made available in 2011 wit... Read More about Planck 2015 results: XXVIII. The Planck Catalogue of Galactic cold clumps.

Planck 2015 results. XVIII. Background geometry and topology of the Universe (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XVIII. Background geometry and topology of the Universe. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A18. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525829

Maps of cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and polarization from the 2015 release of Planck data provide the highest quality full-sky view of the surface of last scattering available to date. This enables us to detect possible departures f... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XVIII. Background geometry and topology of the Universe.

Planck 2015 results. XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A24. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525833

We present cluster counts and corresponding cosmological constraints from the Planck full mission data set. Our catalogue consists of 439 clusters detected via their Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) signal down to a signal-to-noise ratio of 6, and is more than... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XXIV. Cosmology from Sunyaev-Zeldovich cluster counts.

Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A13. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525830

This paper presents cosmological results based on full-mission Planck observations of temperature and polarization anisotropies of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation. Our results are in very good agreement with the 2013 analysis of the P... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XIII. Cosmological parameters.

Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., Baccigalupi, C., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A27. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525823

We present the all-sky Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich (SZ) sources detected from the 29 month full-mission data. The catalogue (PSZ2) is the largest SZ-selected sample of galaxy clusters yet produced and the deepest systematic all-sky surveyof... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XXVII. The second Planck catalogue of Sunyaev-Zeldovich sources.

Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A19. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525821

We compute and investigate four types of imprint of a stochastic background of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) on the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies: the impact of PMFs on the CMB temperature and polarization spectra, which is relat... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XIX. Constraints on primordial magnetic fields.

Planck 2015 results. XX. Constraints on inflation (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XX. Constraints on inflation. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A20. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525898

We present the implications for cosmic inflation of the Planck measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies in both temperature and polarization based on the full Planck survey, which includes more than twice the integration tim... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XX. Constraints on inflation.

Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Arroja, F., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A17. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525836

The Planck full mission cosmic microwave background (CMB) temperature and E-mode polarization maps are analysed to obtain constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity (NG). Using three classes of optimal bispectrum estimators – separable template-fittin... Read More about Planck 2015 results. XVII. Constraints on primordial non-Gaussianity.

Planck 2015 results: XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB (2016)
Journal Article
Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Aluri, P., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results: XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A16. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201526681

We test the statistical isotropy and Gaussianity of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) anisotropies using observations made by the Planck satellite. Our results are based mainly on the full Planck mission for temperature, but also include some pol... Read More about Planck 2015 results: XVI. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB.

Planck 2015 results. VII. High Frequency Instrument data processing: time-ordered information and beams (2016)
Journal Article
Adam, R., Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Arnaud, M., Ashdown, M., Aumont, J., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. VII. High Frequency Instrument data processing: time-ordered information and beams. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A7. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201525844

The Planck High Frequency Instrument (HFI) has observed the full sky at six frequencies (100, 143, 217, 353, 545, and 857?GHz) in intensity and at four frequencies in linear polarization (100, 143, 217, and 353?GHz). In order to obtain sky maps, the... Read More about Planck 2015 results. VII. High Frequency Instrument data processing: time-ordered information and beams.

Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results (2016)
Journal Article
Adam, R., Ade, P., Aghanim, N., Akrami, Y., Alves, M., Argüeso, F., …Zonca, A. (2016). Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results. Astronomy and Astrophysics, 594, Article A1. https://doi.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201527101

The European Space Agency’s Planck satellite, which is dedicated to studying the early Universe and its subsequent evolution, was launched on 14 May 2009. It scanned the microwave and submillimetre sky continuously between 12 August 2009 and 23 Octob... Read More about Planck 2015 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results.

CMB constraints on cosmic strings and superstrings (2016)
Journal Article
Charnock, T., Avgoustidis, A., Copeland, E. J., & Moss, A. (2016). CMB constraints on cosmic strings and superstrings. Physical Review D - Particles, Fields, Gravitation and Cosmology, 93(12), Article 123503. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.93.123503

We present the first complete MCMC analysis of cosmological models with evolving cosmic (super)string networks, using the Unconnected Segment Model in the unequal-time correlator formalism. For ordinary cosmic string networks, we derive joint constra... Read More about CMB constraints on cosmic strings and superstrings.

Tension between the power spectrum of density perturbations measured on large and small scales (2015)
Journal Article
Battye, R., Charnock, T., & Moss, A. (2015). Tension between the power spectrum of density perturbations measured on large and small scales. Physical Review D, 91(10), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.91.103508

There is a tension between measurements of the amplitude of the power spectrum of density perturbations inferred using the cosmic microwave background (CMB) and directly measured by large-scale structure (LSS) on smaller scales. We show that this ten... Read More about Tension between the power spectrum of density perturbations measured on large and small scales.

Did BICEP2 See Vector Modes? First B-Mode Constraints on Cosmic Defects (2014)
Journal Article
Moss, A., & Pogosian, L. (2014). Did BICEP2 See Vector Modes? First B-Mode Constraints on Cosmic Defects. Physical Review Letters, 112(17), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.171302

Scaling networks of cosmic defects, such as strings and textures, actively generate scalar, vector, and tensor metric perturbations throughout the history of the Universe. In particular, vector modes sourced by defects are an efficient source of the... Read More about Did BICEP2 See Vector Modes? First B-Mode Constraints on Cosmic Defects.

Evidence for Massive Neutrinos from Cosmic Microwave Background and Lensing Observations (2014)
Journal Article
BATTYE, R., & MOSS, A. (2014). Evidence for Massive Neutrinos from Cosmic Microwave Background and Lensing Observations. Physical Review Letters, 112(5), https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.051303

We discuss whether massive neutrinos (either active or sterile) can reconcile some of the tensions within cosmological data that have been brought into focus by the recently released Planck data. We point out that a discrepancy is present when compar... Read More about Evidence for Massive Neutrinos from Cosmic Microwave Background and Lensing Observations.