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Dr KATARINA SCHWARZ's Outputs (8)

Criminalizing survivors of modern slavery: the United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism as a border-making process (2024)
Journal Article
Lumley-Sapanski, A., Rodriguez-Huerta, E., Schwarz, K., Nicholson, A., & Young, M. (2024). Criminalizing survivors of modern slavery: the United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism as a border-making process. Journal of Social Policy,

The United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism (NRM) is a framework for identifying potential victims of modern slavery (slavery, servitude, forced labour or human trafficking) and ensuring that they receive adequate care. This research explores di... Read More about Criminalizing survivors of modern slavery: the United Kingdom’s National Referral Mechanism as a border-making process.

Exacerbating Pre-Existing Vulnerabilities: an Analysis of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Trafficking in Sudan (2023)
Journal Article
Lumley-Sapanski, A., Schwarz, K., Cano, A. V., Babiker, M. A., Crowther, M., Death, E., Ditcham, K., Eltayeb, A. R., Jones, M. E. K., & Mir, M. P. (2023). Exacerbating Pre-Existing Vulnerabilities: an Analysis of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Trafficking in Sudan. Human Rights Review, 24(3), 341-361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-023-00683-7

COVID-19 has caused far-reaching humanitarian challenges. Amongst the emerging impacts of the pandemic is on the dynamics of human trafficking. This paper presents findings from a multi-methods study interrogating the impacts of COVID-19 on human tra... Read More about Exacerbating Pre-Existing Vulnerabilities: an Analysis of the Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Human Trafficking in Sudan.

Are women not enslaved in Brazil? A data-driven analysis of gender dynamics in Brazilian antislavery efforts (2022)
Journal Article
Rangel, F. C., & Schwarz, K. (2023). Are women not enslaved in Brazil? A data-driven analysis of gender dynamics in Brazilian antislavery efforts. International Journal of Human Rights, 27(1), 117-143. https://doi.org/10.1080/13642987.2022.2061953

Globally, women and girls make up the majority of recorded and estimated victims of modern slavery and human trafficking. In Brazil, however, females represent only 5% of the more than 35,000 people rescued from forced and slave labour from 2003 to 2... Read More about Are women not enslaved in Brazil? A data-driven analysis of gender dynamics in Brazilian antislavery efforts.

The Khartoum Process and human trafficking (2021)
Journal Article
Lumley-Sapanski, A., Schwarz, K., & Valverde-Cano, A. (2021). The Khartoum Process and human trafficking. Forced Migration Review (English Edition),

The Khartoum Process’s emphasis on stopping northward migration comes at great cost to vulnerable refugees and asylum seekers.

Collapsing the Boundaries between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery beyond the Transatlantic Frame (2020)
Journal Article
Schwarz, K., & Nicholson, A. (2020). Collapsing the Boundaries between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery beyond the Transatlantic Frame. Human Rights Review, 21, 391-414. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12142-020-00604-y

The identification of contemporary forms of slavery is often problematically demarcated by reference to transatlantic enslavement as the definitive archetype. Such an approach overlooks other historic slaveries and neglects the totality of the maanga... Read More about Collapsing the Boundaries between De Jure and De Facto Slavery: The Foundations of Slavery beyond the Transatlantic Frame.

Reasserting Agency: Procedural Justice, Victim-Centricity, and the Right to Remedy for Survivors of Slavery and Related Exploitation (2018)
Journal Article
Schwarz, K., & Geng, J. (2018). Reasserting Agency: Procedural Justice, Victim-Centricity, and the Right to Remedy for Survivors of Slavery and Related Exploitation. Journal of Modern Slavery, 4(2), 93-120

One of the biggest failings of contemporary regimes governing human exploitation is their treatment of ‘victims’. This paper roots narratives of victimhood and agency in the legal frameworks through analysis of the right to effective remedy in human... Read More about Reasserting Agency: Procedural Justice, Victim-Centricity, and the Right to Remedy for Survivors of Slavery and Related Exploitation.

Reparations for the transatlantic slave trade and historical enslavement: Linking past atrocities with contemporary victim populations (2018)
Journal Article
Moffett, L., & Schwarz, K. (2018). Reparations for the transatlantic slave trade and historical enslavement: Linking past atrocities with contemporary victim populations. Netherlands Quarterly of Human Rights, 36(4), 247-269. https://doi.org/10.1177/0924051918801612

The debate around reparations for the transatlantic slave trade has been discussed for centuries with no end in sight. This article does not intend to cover the historical or political aspects of this debate, but instead to shed more light on the leg... Read More about Reparations for the transatlantic slave trade and historical enslavement: Linking past atrocities with contemporary victim populations.