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Exploring the shell-based taxonomy of the Sri Lankan land snail Corilla H. and A. Adams, 1855 (Pulmonata: Corillidae) using mitochondrial DNA (2016)
Journal Article
Raheem, D., Breugelmans, K., Wade, C. M., Naggs, F., & Backeljau, T. (2017). Exploring the shell-based taxonomy of the Sri Lankan land snail Corilla H. and A. Adams, 1855 (Pulmonata: Corillidae) using mitochondrial DNA. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 107, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2016.12.020

The land-snail genus Corilla is endemic to Sri Lanka and India’s Western Ghats. The ten extant Sri Lankan species belong to two distinct shell forms that are associated respectively with lowland and montane rainforest. We here present the first molec... Read More about Exploring the shell-based taxonomy of the Sri Lankan land snail Corilla H. and A. Adams, 1855 (Pulmonata: Corillidae) using mitochondrial DNA.

Widespread inter- and intra-domain horizontal gene transfer of d-amino acid metabolism enzymes in eukaryotes (2016)
Journal Article
Naranjo-Ortíz, M. A., Brock, M., Brunke, S., Hube, B., Marcet-Houben, M., & Gabaldón, T. (2016). Widespread inter- and intra-domain horizontal gene transfer of d-amino acid metabolism enzymes in eukaryotes. Frontiers in Microbiology, 7, https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2016.02001

Analysis of the growing number of available fully-sequenced genomes has shown that Horizontal Gene Transfer (HGT) in eukaryotes is more common than previously thought. It has been proposed that genes with certain functions may be more prone to HGT th... Read More about Widespread inter- and intra-domain horizontal gene transfer of d-amino acid metabolism enzymes in eukaryotes.

Which traits do observers use to distinguish Batesian mimics from their models? (2016)
Journal Article
Taylor, C. H., Warrin, J., Gilbert, F., & Reader, T. (in press). Which traits do observers use to distinguish Batesian mimics from their models?. Behavioral Ecology, 28(2), https://doi.org/10.1093/beheco/arw166

Batesian mimicry, in which a harmless mimic resembles a more aversive model, can encompass a wide range of morphological traits, but the resemblance is never perfect. Previous studies have used abstract “prey” designs to show that differences in cert... Read More about Which traits do observers use to distinguish Batesian mimics from their models?.

5-Hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid represents a novel treatment for intravascular catheter infections due to Staphylococcus aureus (2016)
Journal Article
Zapotoczna, M., Murray, E. J., Hogan, S., O'Gara, J. P., Chhabra, S. R., Chan, W. C., …Williams, P. (2017). 5-Hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid represents a novel treatment for intravascular catheter infections due to Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 72(3), 744-753. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkw482

Objectives: Biofilm infections of intravascular catheters caused by Staphylococcus aureus may be treated with catheter lock solutions (CLSs). Here we investigated the antibacterial activity, cytotoxicity and CLS potential of 5-hydroxyethyl-3-tetradec... Read More about 5-Hydroxyethyl-3-tetradecanoyltetramic acid represents a novel treatment for intravascular catheter infections due to Staphylococcus aureus.

M1 muscarinic allosteric modulators slow prion neurodegeneration and restore memory loss (2016)
Journal Article
Bradley, S. J., Bourgognon, J.-M., Sanger, H. E., Verity, N., Mogg, A. J., White, D. J., …Tobin, A. B. (2017). M1 muscarinic allosteric modulators slow prion neurodegeneration and restore memory loss. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 127(2), 487-499. https://doi.org/10.1172/jci87526

The current frontline symptomatic treatment for Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is whole-body upregulation of cholinergic transmission via inhibition of acetylcholinesterase. This approach leads to profound dose-related adverse effects. An alternative strat... Read More about M1 muscarinic allosteric modulators slow prion neurodegeneration and restore memory loss.

Effects of 4 multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors on regional hemodynamics in conscious, freely moving rats (2016)
Journal Article
Carter, J. J., Fretwell, L., & Woolard, J. (2017). Effects of 4 multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors on regional hemodynamics in conscious, freely moving rats. FASEB Journal, 31(3), 1193-1203. https://doi.org/10.1096/fj.201600749r

VEGF inhibitors, including receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, are used as adjunct therapies in a number of cancer treatments. An emerging issue with these drugs is that most cause hypertension. To gain insight into the physiological mechanisms invo... Read More about Effects of 4 multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors on regional hemodynamics in conscious, freely moving rats.

A state of delirium: deciphering the effect of inflammation on tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease (2016)
Journal Article
Barron, M., Gartlon, J., Dawson, L. A., Atkinson, P. J., & Pardon, M.-C. (2017). A state of delirium: deciphering the effect of inflammation on tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. Experimental Gerontology, 94, 103-107. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.exger.2016.12.006

Alzheimer's disease (AD), the predominant form of dementia, is highly correlated with the abnormal hyperphosphorylation and aggregation of tau. Immune responses are key drivers of AD and how they contribute to tau pathology in human disease remains l... Read More about A state of delirium: deciphering the effect of inflammation on tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease.

The DSF family of quorum sensing signals: diversity, biosynthesis, and turnover (2016)
Journal Article
Zhou, L., Zhang, L.-H., Cámara, M., & He, Y.-W. (2017). The DSF family of quorum sensing signals: diversity, biosynthesis, and turnover. Trends in Microbiology, 25(4), https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2016.11.013

The diffusible signaling factor (DSF)-based quorum sensing (QS) system has emerged as a widely conserved cell–cell communication mechanism in Gram-negative bacteria. Typically, signals from the DSF family are cis-2-unsaturated fatty acids which regul... Read More about The DSF family of quorum sensing signals: diversity, biosynthesis, and turnover.

Block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by philanthotoxins is strongly dependent on their subunit composition (2016)
Journal Article
Kachel, H. S., Patel, R. N., Franzyk, H., & Mellor, I. R. (2016). Block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by philanthotoxins is strongly dependent on their subunit composition. Scientific Reports, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep38116

Philanthotoxin-433 (PhTX-433) is an active component of the venom from the Egyptian digger wasp, Philanthus triangulum. PhTX-433 inhibits several excitatory ligand-gated ion channels, and to improve selectivity two synthetic analogues, PhTX-343 and P... Read More about Block of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors by philanthotoxins is strongly dependent on their subunit composition.

No evidence of local adaptation of immune responses to Gyrodactylus in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) (2016)
Journal Article
Robertson, S., Bradley, J. E., & MacColl, A. D. (2017). No evidence of local adaptation of immune responses to Gyrodactylus in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Fish and Shellfish Immunology, 60, 275-281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2016.11.058

© 2016 The Authors Parasitism represents one of the most widespread lifestyles in the animal kingdom, with the potential to drive coevolutionary dynamics with their host population. Where hosts and parasites evolve together, we may find local adaptat... Read More about No evidence of local adaptation of immune responses to Gyrodactylus in three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus).

What's a SNP between friends: The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on virulence and phenotypes of Clostridium difficile strain 630 and derivatives (2016)
Journal Article
Collery, M. M., Kuehne, S. A., McBride, S. M., Kelly, M. L., Monot, M., Cockayne, A., …Minton, N. P. (2017). What's a SNP between friends: The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on virulence and phenotypes of Clostridium difficile strain 630 and derivatives. Virulence, 8(6), 767-781. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.1237333

Clostridium difficile is a major cause of antibiotic induced diarrhoea worldwide, responsible for significant annual mortalities and represents a considerable economic burden on healthcare systems. The two main C. difficile virulence factors are toxi... Read More about What's a SNP between friends: The influence of single nucleotide polymorphisms on virulence and phenotypes of Clostridium difficile strain 630 and derivatives.

Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Saltmarsh Benthic Foraminiferal Communities from North Norfolk, England (2016)
Journal Article
Saad, S. A., & Wade, C. M. (2017). Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Saltmarsh Benthic Foraminiferal Communities from North Norfolk, England. Microbial Ecology, 73(3), 539-555. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-016-0895-5

© 2016, The Author(s). Time series foraminiferal data were obtained from samples collected from three sites at Brancaster Overy Staithe, Burnham Overy Staithe and Thornham on the North Norfolk coast over a 1-year period. At each collection point, six... Read More about Seasonal and Spatial Variations of Saltmarsh Benthic Foraminiferal Communities from North Norfolk, England.

Anabolic resistance does not explain sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with healthy controls, despite reduced mTOR pathway activity (2016)
Journal Article
Babraj, J., Cuthbertson, D. J., Leese, G., & Siervo, M. (2017). Anabolic resistance does not explain sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with healthy controls, despite reduced mTOR pathway activity. Clinical Nutrition, 36(6), 1716-1719. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2016.11.012

© 2016 Background Ageing and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are risk factors for skeletal muscle loss. We investigated whether anabolic resistance to feeding might underlie accelerated muscle loss in older people with T2DM and whether dysregulated m... Read More about Anabolic resistance does not explain sarcopenia in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, compared with healthy controls, despite reduced mTOR pathway activity.

A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes (2016)
Journal Article
MacDonald, I. A. (in press). A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes. European Journal of Nutrition, 55(S2), https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-016-1340-8

The potential impact on health of diets rich in free sugars, and particularly fructose, is of major concern. The focus of this review is the impact of these sugars on insulin resistance and obesity, and the associated risk of developing type 2 diabet... Read More about A review of recent evidence relating to sugars, insulin resistance and diabetes.

Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae (2016)
Journal Article
Willis, A. R., Moore, C., Mazon-Moya, M., Krokowski, S., Lambert, C., Till, R., …Sockett, R. E. (2016). Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae. Current Biology, 26(24), 3343-3351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2016.09.067

Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus are predatory bacteria that invade and kill a range of Gram-negative bacterial pathogens in natural environments and in vitro [ 1 and 2]. In this study, we investigated Bdellovibrio as an injected, antibacterial treatment i... Read More about Injections of Predatory Bacteria Work Alongside Host Immune Cells to Treat Shigella Infection in Zebrafish Larvae.

Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals (2016)
Journal Article
Inchley, C. E., Larbey, C. D., Shwan, N. A., Pagani, L., Saag, L., Antão, T., …Kivisild, T. (in press). Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals. Scientific Reports, 6, https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37198

Humans have more copies of amylase genes than other primates. It is still poorly understood, however, when the copy number expansion occurred and whether its spread was enhanced by selection. Here we assess amylase copy numbers in a global sample of... Read More about Selective sweep on human amylase genes postdates the split with Neanderthals.

Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions (2016)
Journal Article
Manzi, L., Barrow, A. S., Scott, D., Layfield, R., Wright, T. G., Moses, J. E., & Oldham, N. J. (2016). Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions. Nature Communications, 7, Article 13288. https://doi.org/10.1038/ncomms13288

Specific interactions between proteins and their binding partners are fundamental to life processes. The ability to detect protein complexes, and map their sites of binding, is crucial to understanding basic biology at the molecular level. Methods th... Read More about Carbene footprinting accurately maps binding sites in protein–ligand and protein–protein interactions.

Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (2016)
Journal Article
Rampioni, G., Falcone, M., Heeb, S., Frangipani, E., Fletcher, M. P., Dubern, J.-F., …Williams, P. (2016). Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. PLoS Pathogens, 12(11), e1006029. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1006029

The pqs quorum sensing (QS) system is crucial for Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence both in vitro and in animal models of infection and is considered an ideal target for the development of anti-virulence agents. However, the precise role played by eac... Read More about Unravelling the Genome-Wide Contributions of Specific 2-Alkyl-4-Quinolones and PqsE to Quorum Sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa.