All Outputs (40)

Chlorpyrifos Acts as a Positive Modulator and an Agonist of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors: A Novel Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity (2025)
Journal Article
Sherif, M. A., Carter, W. G., & Mellor, I. R. (2025). Chlorpyrifos Acts as a Positive Modulator and an Agonist of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors: A Novel Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity. Journal of Xenobiotics, 15(1), Article 12. https://doi.org/10.3390/jox15010012

Chlorpyrifos (CPF) is a broad-spectrum organophosphate insecticide. Long-term exposure to low levels of CPF is associated with neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The mechanisms leading to these effects are still not fully understood... Read More about Chlorpyrifos Acts as a Positive Modulator and an Agonist of N-Methyl-d-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors: A Novel Mechanism of Chlorpyrifos-Induced Neurotoxicity.

Computational prediction of a phage cocktail active against multidrug-resistant bacteria [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] (2024)
Journal Article
Nawaz, R., Husnain, A., Arif, M. A., Hassan, Z., Ahad, A., Amat, H., Rasool, U., Shahid, M., Mehmood, U., Razzaq, A., Idrees, M., & Carter, W. G. (2024). Computational prediction of a phage cocktail active against multidrug-resistant bacteria [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research, 13, Article 1292

Background
Antibiotic misuse and overuse have contributed to the emergence of multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria, posing a serious public health problem across the globe. Phage cocktails, which combine multiple phages, provide an efficient method t... Read More about Computational prediction of a phage cocktail active against multidrug-resistant bacteria [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review].

Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in university students and support staff in Pakistan: A machine learning and statistical analysis [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review] (2024)
Journal Article
Naseem, A., Rasool, F., Haashmi, F. K., Shoaib, M. . H., & Carter, W. G. (in press). Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy in university students and support staff in Pakistan: A machine learning and statistical analysis [version 1; peer review: awaiting peer review]. F1000Research, 13, Article 1241. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.155659.1

Is Cadmium Genotoxicity Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Inflammation? A Systematic Review (2024)
Journal Article
Badawi, K., El Sharazly, B. M., Negm, O., Khan, R., & Carter, W. G. (2024). Is Cadmium Genotoxicity Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Inflammation? A Systematic Review. Antioxidants, 13(8), 932. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13080932

The transition metal cadmium (Cd) is toxic to humans and can induce cellular redox stress and inflammation. Cd is a recognized carcinogen, but the molecular mechanisms associated with its genotoxicity and carcinogenicity are not defined. Therefore, a... Read More about Is Cadmium Genotoxicity Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Inflammation? A Systematic Review.

An In Vivo and In Silico Approach Reveals Possible Sodium Channel Nav1.2 Inhibitors from Ficus religiosa as a Novel Treatment for Epilepsy (2024)
Journal Article
Ashraf, A., Ahmed, A., Juffer, A. H., & Carter, W. G. (2024). An In Vivo and In Silico Approach Reveals Possible Sodium Channel Nav1.2 Inhibitors from Ficus religiosa as a Novel Treatment for Epilepsy. Brain Sciences, 14(6), Article 545. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci14060545

Epilepsy is a neurological disease that affects approximately 50 million people worldwide. Despite an existing abundance of antiepileptic drugs, lifelong disease treatment is often required but could be improved with alternative drugs that have fewer... Read More about An In Vivo and In Silico Approach Reveals Possible Sodium Channel Nav1.2 Inhibitors from Ficus religiosa as a Novel Treatment for Epilepsy.

Alcohol Triggers the Accumulation of Oxidatively Damaged Proteins in Neuronal Cells and Tissues (2024)
Journal Article
Mudyanselage, A. W., Wijamunige, B. C., Kocoń, A., Turner, R., McLean, D., Morentin, B., Callado, L. F., & Carter, W. G. (2024). Alcohol Triggers the Accumulation of Oxidatively Damaged Proteins in Neuronal Cells and Tissues. Antioxidants, 13(5), Article 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox13050580

Alcohol is toxic to neurons and can trigger alcohol-related brain damage, neuronal loss, and cognitive decline. Neuronal cells may be vulnerable to alcohol toxicity and damage from oxidative stress after differentiation. To consider this further, the... Read More about Alcohol Triggers the Accumulation of Oxidatively Damaged Proteins in Neuronal Cells and Tissues.

An in silico and in vitro assessment of the neurotoxicity of mefloquine (2024)
Journal Article
El Sharazly, B. M., Ahmed, A., Elsheikha, H. M., & Carter, W. G. (2024). An in silico and in vitro assessment of the neurotoxicity of mefloquine. Biomedicines, 12(3), Article 505. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines12030505

Mefloquine (MQ) is a quinoline-based anti-malarial drug used for chemoprophylaxis or as treatment in combination with artesunate. Although MQ has clear anti-Plasmodium properties, it can induce neurotoxicity and undesired neuropsychiatric side effect... Read More about An in silico and in vitro assessment of the neurotoxicity of mefloquine.

Differential Effects of Paraquat, Rotenone, and MPTP on Cellular Bioenergetics of Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells (2023)
Journal Article
Elmorsy, E., Al-Ghafari, A., Al Doghaither, H., Hashish, S., Salama, M., Mudyanselage, A. W., James, L., & Carter, W. G. (2023). Differential Effects of Paraquat, Rotenone, and MPTP on Cellular Bioenergetics of Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Brain Sciences, 13(12), Article 1717. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13121717

Paraquat (PQ), rotenone (RO), and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) are neurotoxicants that can damage human health. Exposure to these neurotoxicants has been linked to neurodegeneration, particularly Parkinson’s disease. However, t... Read More about Differential Effects of Paraquat, Rotenone, and MPTP on Cellular Bioenergetics of Undifferentiated and Differentiated Human Neuroblastoma Cells.

Are Therapies That Target α-Synuclein Effective at Halting Parkinson’s Disease Progression? A Systematic Review (2023)
Journal Article
Rodger, A. T., ALNasser, M., & Carter, W. G. (2023). Are Therapies That Target α-Synuclein Effective at Halting Parkinson’s Disease Progression? A Systematic Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(13), Article 11022. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms241311022

There are currently no pharmacological treatments available that completely halt or reverse the progression of Parkinson’s Disease (PD). Hence, there is an unmet need for neuroprotective therapies. Lewy bodies are a neuropathological hallmark of PD a... Read More about Are Therapies That Target α-Synuclein Effective at Halting Parkinson’s Disease Progression? A Systematic Review.

Differentiated Neurons Are More Vulnerable to Organophosphate and Carbamate Neurotoxicity than Undifferentiated Neurons Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Accumulate Oxidatively-Damaged Proteins (2023)
Journal Article
Mudyanselage, A. W., Wijamunige, B. C., Kocon, A., & Carter, W. G. (2023). Differentiated Neurons Are More Vulnerable to Organophosphate and Carbamate Neurotoxicity than Undifferentiated Neurons Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Accumulate Oxidatively-Damaged Proteins. Brain Sciences, 13(5), Article 728. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13050728

Organophosphate (OP) and carbamate pesticides are toxic to pests through targeted inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE). However, OPs and carbamates may be harmful to non-target species including humans and could induce developmental neurotoxicit... Read More about Differentiated Neurons Are More Vulnerable to Organophosphate and Carbamate Neurotoxicity than Undifferentiated Neurons Due to the Induction of Redox Stress and Accumulate Oxidatively-Damaged Proteins.

Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) Extracts Are Neuroprotective against L-Glutamate-Induced Toxicity by Limiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cellular Redox Stress (2023)
Journal Article
ALNasser, M. N., AlSaadi, A. M., Whitby, A., Kim, D. H., Mellor, I. R., & Carter, W. G. (2023). Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) Extracts Are Neuroprotective against L-Glutamate-Induced Toxicity by Limiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cellular Redox Stress. Life, 13(4), Article 1019. https://doi.org/10.3390/life13041019

Aberrant accumulation of the neurotransmitter L-glutamate (L-Glu) has been implicated as a mechanism of neurodegeneration, and the release of L-Glu after stroke onset leads to a toxicity cascade that results in neuronal death. The acai berry (Euterpe... Read More about Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) Extracts Are Neuroprotective against L-Glutamate-Induced Toxicity by Limiting Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Cellular Redox Stress.

Mefloquine loaded niosomes as a promising approach for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis (2022)
Journal Article
El Sharazly, B. M., Aboul Asaad, I. A., Yassen, N. A., El Maghraby, G. M., Carter, W. G., Mohamed, D. A., Amer, B. S., & Ismail, H. I. (2023). Mefloquine loaded niosomes as a promising approach for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis. Acta Tropica, 239, Article 106810. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106810

Toxoplasmosis is a disease with a worldwide distribution and significant morbidity and mortality. In search of effective treatment, mefloquine (MQ) was repurposed and loaded with niosomes to treat acute and chronic phases of toxoplasmosis in experime... Read More about Mefloquine loaded niosomes as a promising approach for the treatment of acute and chronic toxoplasmosis.

The Potential of Stilbene Compounds to Inhibit Mpro Protease as a Natural Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus Disease-2019 (2022)
Journal Article
Naseem, A., Rasool, F., Ahmed, A., & Carter, W. G. (2023). The Potential of Stilbene Compounds to Inhibit Mpro Protease as a Natural Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus Disease-2019. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 45(1), 12-32. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb45010002

COVID-19 disease has had a global impact on human health with increased levels of morbidity and mortality. There is an unmet need to design and produce effective antivirals to treat COVID-19. This study aimed to explore the potential ability of natur... Read More about The Potential of Stilbene Compounds to Inhibit Mpro Protease as a Natural Treatment Strategy for Coronavirus Disease-2019.

A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease (2022)
Journal Article
AL Nasser, M. N., Mellor, I. R., & Carter, W. G. (2022). A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease. Molecules, 27(15), Article 4891. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154891

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterised by progressive neuronal atrophy and the loss of neuronal function as a consequence of multiple pathomechanisms. Current AD treatments primarily operate at a symptomatic level to treat a cholinergic deficiency... Read More about A Preliminary Assessment of the Nutraceutical Potential of Acai Berry (Euterpe sp.) as a Potential Natural Treatment for Alzheimer's Disease.

An Investigation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Paraquat to Different Brain Regions (2022)
Journal Article
Elmorsy, E., Al-Ghafari, A., Al Doghaither, H., Salama, M., & Carter, W. G. (2022). An Investigation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Paraquat to Different Brain Regions. Brain Sciences, 12(8), Article 975. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12080975

Acute or chronic exposures to pesticides have been linked to neurotoxicity and the potential development of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs). This study aimed to consider the neurotoxicity of three widely utilized pesticides: malathion, chlorpyrifos... Read More about An Investigation of the Neurotoxic Effects of Malathion, Chlorpyrifos, and Paraquat to Different Brain Regions.

The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study (2022)
Journal Article
Ali, U. A., Iftikhar, N., Amat-Ur-rasool, H., Ahmed, M., Hafeez, J., & Carter, W. G. (2022). The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 10(6), Article 1049. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10061049

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a damaging impact on global health. Post-infection, patients may experience mental health difficulties and therefore require suitable psychological treatment and support. The objective of this study was to identify the p... Read More about The Psychological Impact of Coronavirus Disease 2019 on Patients Attending a Tertiary Healthcare Facility in Pakistan: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review (2022)
Journal Article
Al-Nasser, M. N., Mellor, I. R., & Carter, W. G. (2022). Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review. Brain Sciences, 12(5), Article 577. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12050577

L-glutamate (L-Glu) is a nonessential amino acid, but an extensively utilised excitatory neurotransmitter with critical roles in normal brain function. Aberrant accumulation of L-Glu has been linked to neurotoxicity and neurodegeneration. To investig... Read More about Is L-Glutamate Toxic to Neurons and Thereby Contributes to Neuronal Loss and Neurodegeneration? A Systematic Review.

In Silico Design of Dual-Binding Site Anti-Cholinesterase Phytochemical Heterodimers as Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)
Journal Article
Amat-Ur-rasool, H., Ahmed, M., Hasnain, S., Ahmed, A., & Carter, W. G. (2022). In Silico Design of Dual-Binding Site Anti-Cholinesterase Phytochemical Heterodimers as Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease. Current Issues in Molecular Biology, 44(1), 152-175. https://doi.org/10.3390/cimb44010012

The number of patients with neurodegenerative diseases, particularly Alzheimer’s disease (AD), continues to grow yearly. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) represent the first-line symptomatic drug treatment for mild-to-moderate AD; however, there is... Read More about In Silico Design of Dual-Binding Site Anti-Cholinesterase Phytochemical Heterodimers as Treatment Options for Alzheimer’s Disease.

The Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabis-Derived Phytocannabinoids and Resveratrol in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review of Pre-Clinical Studies (2021)
Journal Article
Prakash, S., & Carter, W. G. (2021). The Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabis-Derived Phytocannabinoids and Resveratrol in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review of Pre-Clinical Studies. Brain Sciences, 11(12), Article 1573. https://doi.org/10.3390/BRAINSCI11121573

Currently, there are no pharmacological treatments able to reverse nigral degeneration in Parkinson’s disease (PD), hence the unmet need for the provision of neuroprotective agents. Cannabis-derived phytocannabinoids (CDCs) and resveratrol (RSV) may... Read More about The Neuroprotective Effects of Cannabis-Derived Phytocannabinoids and Resveratrol in Parkinson’s Disease: A Systematic Literature Review of Pre-Clinical Studies.

Anti-Cholinesterase Combination Drug Therapy as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease (2021)
Journal Article
Amat-ur-Rasool, H., Ahmed, M., Hasnain, S., & Carter, W. G. (2021). Anti-Cholinesterase Combination Drug Therapy as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease. Brain Sciences, 11(2), Article 184. https://doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11020184

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a burgeoning social and healthcare problem. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) are employed for symptomatic treatment of AD, but often elicit adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Herein, the potency of the ChEIs, donepezil, tacri... Read More about Anti-Cholinesterase Combination Drug Therapy as a Potential Treatment for Alzheimer’s Disease.