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The effect of different combinations of vascular, dependency and cognitive endpoints on the sample size required to detect a treatment effect in trials of treatments to improve outcome after lacunar and non-lacunar ischaemic stroke (2017)
Journal Article
Makin, S. D., Doubal, F., Quinn, T. J., Bath, P. M., Dennis, M. S., & Wardlaw, J. M. (in press). The effect of different combinations of vascular, dependency and cognitive endpoints on the sample size required to detect a treatment effect in trials of treatments to improve outcome after lacunar and non-lacunar ischaemic stroke. European Stroke Journal, 3(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987317728854

Background Endpoints that are commonly used in trials of moderate/severe stroke may be less frequent in patients with minor, non-disabling stroke thus inflating sample sizes. We tested whether trial efficiency might be improved with composite endp... Read More about The effect of different combinations of vascular, dependency and cognitive endpoints on the sample size required to detect a treatment effect in trials of treatments to improve outcome after lacunar and non-lacunar ischaemic stroke.

Validating and comparing stroke prognosis scales (2017)
Journal Article
Quinn, T. J., Singh, S., Lees, K. R., Bath, P. M., & Myint, P. K. (2017). Validating and comparing stroke prognosis scales. Neurology, 89(10), https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004332

Objective: To compare the prognostic accuracy of various acute stroke prognostic scales using a large, independent, clinical trials dataset. Methods: We directly compared 8 stroke prognostic scales, chosen based on focused literature review (Acute... Read More about Validating and comparing stroke prognosis scales.

Predicting major bleeding in patients with noncardioembolic stroke on antiplatelets (2017)
Journal Article
Hilkens, N. A., Algra, A., Diener, H.-C., Reitsma, J. B., Bath, P. M., Csiba, L., …Greving, J. P. (2017). Predicting major bleeding in patients with noncardioembolic stroke on antiplatelets. Neurology, 89(9), https://doi.org/10.1212/WNL.0000000000004289

Objective: To develop and externally validate a prediction model for major bleeding in patients with a TIA or ischemic stroke on antiplatelet agents. Methods: We combined individual patient data from 6 randomized clinical trials (CAPRIE, ESPS-2, M... Read More about Predicting major bleeding in patients with noncardioembolic stroke on antiplatelets.

Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., May, J., Flaherty, K., Woodhouse, L. J., Dovlatova, N., Fox, S. C., …TARDIS Investigators. (2017). Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2017, Article 7365684. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7365684

Background: Antiplatelets reduce recurrence after cerebral ischaemia. The international TARDIS trial assessed the safety and efficacy of intensive (combined aspirin, dipyridamole and clopidogrel) versus guideline (aspirin and dipyridamole, or clopido... Read More about Remote assessment of platelet function in patients with acute stroke or transient ischaemic attack.

Cerebral misery perfusion due to carotid occlusive disease (2017)
Journal Article
Maddula, M., Sprigg, N., Bath, P. M., & Munshi, S. K. (in press). Cerebral misery perfusion due to carotid occlusive disease. Stroke and Vascular Neurology, Article e000067. https://doi.org/10.1136/svn-2017-000067

Purpose Cerebral misery perfusion (CMP) is a condition where cerebral autoregulatory capacity is exhausted, and cerebral blood supply in insufficient to meet metabolic demand. We present an educational review of this important condition, which has a... Read More about Cerebral misery perfusion due to carotid occlusive disease.

Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Krishnan, K., & Appleton, J. P. (in press). Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Article CD000398. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD000398.pub2

Background:Nitric oxide (NO) has multiple effects that may be beneficial in acute stroke, including lowering blood pressure, and promoting reperfusion and cytoprotection. Some forms of nitric oxide synthase inhibition (NOS-I) may also be beneficial.... Read More about Nitric oxide donors (nitrates), L-arginine, or nitric oxide synthase inhibitors for acute stroke.

Interruption to antiplatelet therapy early after acute ischaemic stroke: a nested case-control study (2017)
Journal Article
Mazlan-Kepli, W., Macisaac, R. L., Walters, M., Bath, P. M. W., & Dawson, J. (2017). Interruption to antiplatelet therapy early after acute ischaemic stroke: a nested case-control study. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 83(9), https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.13290

Aims: Antiplatelet drugs are often discontinued early after ischaemic stroke, either because of poor compliance, complications or withdrawal of care. It is unclear whether this places patients at increased risk of recurrence. We explored the associat... Read More about Interruption to antiplatelet therapy early after acute ischaemic stroke: a nested case-control study.

Magnetic resonance imaging plaque hemorrhage for risk stratification in carotid artery disease with moderate risk under current medical therapy (2017)
Journal Article
Hosseini, A. A., Simpson, R. J., Altaf, N., Bath, P. M., MacSweeney, S. T., & Auer, D. P. (2017). Magnetic resonance imaging plaque hemorrhage for risk stratification in carotid artery disease with moderate risk under current medical therapy. Stroke, 48(3), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.116.015504

Background and Purpose—Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)–defined carotid plaque hemorrhage (MRIPH) can predict recurrent cerebrovascular ischemic events in severe symptomatic carotid stenosis. It is less clear whether MRIPH can improve risk stratifica... Read More about Magnetic resonance imaging plaque hemorrhage for risk stratification in carotid artery disease with moderate risk under current medical therapy.

Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot ‘Prevention of decline in cognition after stroke trial’ (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial (2017)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Scutt, P., Blackburn, D. J., Ankolekar, S., Krishnan, K., Ballard, C., …Ford, G. A. (2017). Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot ‘Prevention of decline in cognition after stroke trial’ (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial. PLoS ONE, 12(1), Article e0164608. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0164608

Background Stroke is associated with the development of cognitive impairment and dementia. We assessed the effect of intensive blood pressure (BP) and/or lipid lowering on cognitive outcomes in patients with recent stroke in a pilot trial. Meth... Read More about Intensive versus guideline blood pressure and lipid lowering in patients with previous stroke: main results from the pilot ‘Prevention of decline in cognition after stroke trial’ (PODCAST) randomised controlled trial.

Understanding the relationship between costs and the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review, multidisciplinary consensus and recommendations for future studies (2016)
Journal Article
Wilson, A., Bath, P. M., Berge, E., Cadilhac, D. A., Cuche, M., Ford, G. A., …Lees, K. R. (2017). Understanding the relationship between costs and the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review, multidisciplinary consensus and recommendations for future studies. European Stroke Journal, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987316684705

Background and purpose: Cost-of-illness studies often describe a single aggregate cost of a disease state. This approach is less helpful for a condition with a spectrum of outcomes like stroke. The modified Rankin Scale is the most commonly used outc... Read More about Understanding the relationship between costs and the modified Rankin Scale: a systematic review, multidisciplinary consensus and recommendations for future studies.

Dependency and health utilities in stroke: data to inform cost-effectiveness analyses (2016)
Journal Article
Ali, M., MacIsaac, R., Quinn, T. J., Bath, P. M., Veenstra, D. L., Xu, Y., …Lees, K. R. (2017). Dependency and health utilities in stroke: data to inform cost-effectiveness analyses. European Stroke Journal, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987316683780

Introduction: Health utilities (HU) assign preference weights to specific health states and are required for costeffectiveness analyses. Existing HU for stroke inadequately reflect the spectrum of post-stroke disability. Using international stroke tr... Read More about Dependency and health utilities in stroke: data to inform cost-effectiveness analyses.

Antiplatelet therapy following ischaemic stroke: continue or change pre-existing therapy? (2016)
Journal Article
Mazlan-Kepli, W., MacIsaac, R. L., Walters, M., Bath, P. M., & Dawson, J. (2017). Antiplatelet therapy following ischaemic stroke: continue or change pre-existing therapy?. European Stroke Journal, 2(1), https://doi.org/10.1177/2396987316678728

Introduction: Antiplatelet therapy is routinely prescribed early after ischaemic stroke. Many patients will already be taking antiplatelet therapy and it is unknown whether these patients should continue the same antiplatelet treatment or switch to a... Read More about Antiplatelet therapy following ischaemic stroke: continue or change pre-existing therapy?.

Baseline characteristics of the 3,096 patients recruited into the 'Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischaemic Stroke' (TARDIS) trial (2016)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Appleton, J. P., Beridze, M., Christensen, H., Dineen, R. A., Duley, L., …Sprigg, N. (2017). Baseline characteristics of the 3,096 patients recruited into the 'Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischaemic Stroke' (TARDIS) trial. International Journal of Stroke, 12(5), 524-538. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016677988

Background: The risk of recurrence following ischaemic stroke (IS) or transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is highest immediately after the event. Antiplatelet agents are effective in reducing the risk of recurrence and two agents are superior to one in... Read More about Baseline characteristics of the 3,096 patients recruited into the 'Triple Antiplatelets for Reducing Dependency after Ischaemic Stroke' (TARDIS) trial.

Design and implementation of Pharyngeal electrical Stimulation for early de-cannulation in TRACheotomized (PHAST-TRAC) stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia: a prospective randomized single-blinded interventional study (2016)
Journal Article
Dziewas, R., Mistry, S., Hamdy, S., Minnerup, J., Van Der Tweel, I., Schäbitz, W., & Bath, P. M. (2017). Design and implementation of Pharyngeal electrical Stimulation for early de-cannulation in TRACheotomized (PHAST-TRAC) stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia: a prospective randomized single-blinded interventional study. International Journal of Stroke, 12(4), https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016676618

Rationale: Ongoing dysphagia in stroke patients weaned from mechanical ventilation often requires long-term tracheotomy to protect the airway from aspiration. In a recently reported single-centre pilot study, a significantly larger proportion (75%) o... Read More about Design and implementation of Pharyngeal electrical Stimulation for early de-cannulation in TRACheotomized (PHAST-TRAC) stroke patients with neurogenic dysphagia: a prospective randomized single-blinded interventional study.

Human neural stem cells in patients with chronic ischaemic stroke (PISCES): a phase 1, first-in-man study (2016)
Journal Article
Kalladka, D., Sinden, J., Pollock, K., Haig, C., McLean, J., Smith, W., …Muir, K. W. (2016). Human neural stem cells in patients with chronic ischaemic stroke (PISCES): a phase 1, first-in-man study. Lancet, 388(10046), 787-796. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736%2816%2930513-X

Background: CTX0E03 is an immortalised human neural stem-cell line from which a drug product (CTX-DP) was developed for allogeneic therapy. Dose-dependent improvement in sensorimotor function in rats implanted with CTX-DP 4 weeks after middle cerebra... Read More about Human neural stem cells in patients with chronic ischaemic stroke (PISCES): a phase 1, first-in-man study.

The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial: a perspective on future practice and research (2016)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Appleton, J. P., & Sprigg, N. (in press). The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial: a perspective on future practice and research. International Journal of Stroke, https://doi.org/10.1177/1747493016660099

The prevention of recurrent events after ischaemic stroke and transient ischaemic attack is well established and based on lifestyle changes, antithrombotics, statins, antihypertensives and carotid surgery. The international IRIS trial assessed whethe... Read More about The Insulin Resistance Intervention after Stroke trial: a perspective on future practice and research.

Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in subacute stroke (2016)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Scutt, P., Love, J., Clavé, P., Cohen, D., Dziewas, R., …Hamdy, S. (in press). Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in subacute stroke. Stroke, 47(6), https://doi.org/10.1161/STROKEAHA.115.012455

Background and Purpose: Dysphagia is common after stroke, associated with increased death and dependency, and treatment options are limited. Pharyngeal electric stimulation (PES) is a novel treatment for poststroke dysphagia that has shown promise in... Read More about Pharyngeal electrical stimulation for treatment of dysphagia in subacute stroke.

Effect of treatment delay, stroke type, and thrombolysis on the effect of glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, on outcome after acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient from randomised trials (2016)
Journal Article
Bath, P. M., Woodhouse, L. J., Krishnan, K., Anderson, C., Berge, E., Ford, G. A., …Wardlaw, J. M. (2016). Effect of treatment delay, stroke type, and thrombolysis on the effect of glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, on outcome after acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient from randomised trials. Stroke Research and Treatment, 2016, https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/9706720

Background. Nitric oxide (NO) donors are a candidate treatment for acute stroke and two trials have suggested that they might improve outcome if administered within 4–6 hours of stroke onset. We assessed the safety and efficacy of NO donors using ind... Read More about Effect of treatment delay, stroke type, and thrombolysis on the effect of glyceryl trinitrate, a nitric oxide donor, on outcome after acute stroke: a systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient from randomised trials.

Inhibition of TNF-α protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage (2015)
Journal Article
Abdullah, Z., Rakkar, K., Bath, P. M., & Bayraktutan, U. (2015). Inhibition of TNF-α protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage. Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience, 69, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcn.2015.11.003

Cerebral ischaemia, associated with neuroinflammation and oxidative stress, is known to perturb blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity and promote brain oedema formation. Using an in vitro model of human BBB composed of brain microvascular endothelial c... Read More about Inhibition of TNF-α protects in vitro brain barrier from ischaemic damage.