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Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating (2019)
Journal Article
Thomas-Hillman, I., Stevens, L. A., Lange, M., Möllmer, J., Lewis, W., Dodds, C., …Laybourn, A. (2019). Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating. Green Chemistry, 21(18), 5039-5045. https://doi.org/10.1039/c9gc02375e

NO2, SO2 and CO2 are major air pollutants causing significant environmental and health problems. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), in particular [Al2(OH)2(C16O8H6)](H2O)6 (trivial names: NOTT-300/MFM-300(Al)), have shown great promise for capturing th... Read More about Developing a sustainable route to environmentally relevant metal-organic frameworks: ultra-rapid synthesis of MFM-300(Al) using microwave heating.

Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy (2019)
Journal Article
Williams, O., Ure, A., Stevens, L., Binner, E., Dodds, C., Kingman, S., …Lester, E. (2019). Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy. Energy and Fuels, 33(7), 6817-6828. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.9b00511

This paper shows how feedstock densification gives rise to a step change in the time required to create a metallurgical grade coke using microwave energy. Five densified coking and non-coking coals were heated in a multi-mode microwave 2450 MHz cavit... Read More about Formation of Metallurgical Coke within Minutes through Coal Densification and Microwave Energy.

Fast regeneration of activated carbons saturated with textile dyes: Textural, thermal and dielectric characterization (2019)
Journal Article
Durán-Jiménez, G., Stevens, L. A., Hodgins, G. R., Uguna, J., Ryan, J., Binner, E. R., & Robinson, J. P. (2019). Fast regeneration of activated carbons saturated with textile dyes: Textural, thermal and dielectric characterization. Chemical Engineering Journal, 378, Article 121774. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2019.05.135

This study presents an investigation for comparing the regeneration process of two activated carbons saturated with Basic Blue 9 (BB9) and Acid Blue 93 (AB93) using conventional (250–500 °C) and microwave heating (100–300 W). The effect of the textil... Read More about Fast regeneration of activated carbons saturated with textile dyes: Textural, thermal and dielectric characterization.

Continuous testing of silica-PEI adsorbents in a lab.-scale twin bubbling fluidized-bed system (2019)
Journal Article
Kim, J.-Y., Woo, J.-M., Jo, S.-H., Lee, S.-Y., Moon, J.-H., Kim, H., …Park, Y. C. (2019). Continuous testing of silica-PEI adsorbents in a lab.-scale twin bubbling fluidized-bed system. International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control, 82, 184-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijggc.2019.01.007

In this study, a lab.-scale twin bubbling fluidized-bed system (TBS) has been used continuously to test the performance for CO2 adsorption of silica-PEI (S.PEI) adsorbents, containing 40 wt.% of PEI, which were supplied by the University of Nottingha... Read More about Continuous testing of silica-PEI adsorbents in a lab.-scale twin bubbling fluidized-bed system.

Microwave synthesis of carbon onions in fractal aggregates using heavy oil as a precursor (2018)
Journal Article
Adam, M., Hart, A., Stevens, L. A., Wood, J., Robinson, J. P., & Rigby, S. P. (2018). Microwave synthesis of carbon onions in fractal aggregates using heavy oil as a precursor. Carbon, 138, 427-435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2018.07.066

In this work we report a method for preparing carbon onions through microwave heating of heavy oil. It was shown that microwave heating of heavy oil mixed with a carbon catalyst at 300 W leads to the growth of a several-centimetre long fractal carbon... Read More about Microwave synthesis of carbon onions in fractal aggregates using heavy oil as a precursor.

Determination of pore network accessibility in hierarchical porous solids (2017)
Journal Article
Rigby, S. P., Hasan, M., Stevens, L., Williams, H. E., & Fletcher, R. S. (2017). Determination of pore network accessibility in hierarchical porous solids. Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, 56(50), 14822-14831. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b04659

This paper validates the hypothesis that the supposedly non-specific adsorbates nitrogen and argon wet heavy metals differently, and shows how this unexpected effect can be actively utilised to deliver information on pore inter-connectivity. To explo... Read More about Determination of pore network accessibility in hierarchical porous solids.

Fly ash-derived MCM-41 as a low-cost silica support for polyethyleneimine in post-combustion CO2 capture (2017)
Journal Article
Panek, R., Wdowin, M., Franus, W., Czarna, D., Stevens, L., Deng, H., …Snape, C. E. (2017). Fly ash-derived MCM-41 as a low-cost silica support for polyethyleneimine in post-combustion CO2 capture. Journal of Co2 Utilization, 22, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.09.015

The mesoporous silicate molecular sieve, MCM-41, has been synthesized from pulverized coal fly ash (PFA), where the silicate filtrate used is a by-product from hydrothermal zeolite production. Rice husk ash was also used for comparison but fusion wit... Read More about Fly ash-derived MCM-41 as a low-cost silica support for polyethyleneimine in post-combustion CO2 capture.

Ni Mg Mixed Metal Oxides for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (2015)
Journal Article
Zannotti, M., Wood, C. J., Summers, G. H., Stevens, L. A., Hall, M. R., Snape, C. E., …Gibson, E. A. (2015). Ni Mg Mixed Metal Oxides for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 7(44), 24556-24565. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.5b06170

Mg Ni mixed metal oxide photocathodes have been prepared by a mixed NiCl2/MgCl2 sol-gel process. The MgO/NiO electrodes have been extensively characterized using physical and electrochemical methods. Dye-sensitized solar cells have been prepared from... Read More about Ni Mg Mixed Metal Oxides for p-Type Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells.

Insights into the influence of the cooling profile on the reconstitution times of amorphous lyophilized protein formulations (2015)
Journal Article

Lyophilized protein formulations must be reconstituted back into solution prior to patient administration and in this regard long reconstitution times are not ideal. The factors that govern reconstitution time remain poorly understood. The aim of thi... Read More about Insights into the influence of the cooling profile on the reconstitution times of amorphous lyophilized protein formulations.

Experimental study of mercury removal from exhaust gases (2014)
Journal Article
Wdowin, M., Wiatros-Motyka, M. M., Panek, R., Stevens, L. A., Franus, W., & Snape, C. E. (2014). Experimental study of mercury removal from exhaust gases. Fuel, 128, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2014.03.041

An initial study has been made of the use of synthetic zeolites for mercury capture from exhaust gases. Synthetic zeolites (Na-X and Na-P1), and for comparison a natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) and activated carbon with bromine (AC/Br) were tested f... Read More about Experimental study of mercury removal from exhaust gases.

'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water (2014)
Journal Article
Dawson, R., Stevens, L. A., Williams, O. S., Wang, W., Carter, B. O., Sutton, S., …Cooper, A. I. (2014). 'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water. Energy and Environmental Science, 7(5), 1786-1791. https://doi.org/10.1039/c3ee44124e

An alkaline form of 'dry water' - a 'dry base' - is prepared by the high-speed mixing of aqueous solutions of metal carbonates or organic amines with hydrophobic silica nanoparticles. Despite being mostly water, the dry base looks and flows like a po... Read More about 'Dry bases': Carbon dioxide capture using alkaline dry water.