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Structure and chemical composition of the Mg electrode during cycling in a simple glyme electrolyte (2024)
Journal Article
Dimogiannis, K., Sankowski, A., Holc, C., Parmenter, C. D., Newton, G. N., Walsh, D. A., …Johnson, L. R. (2024). Structure and chemical composition of the Mg electrode during cycling in a simple glyme electrolyte. Energy Storage Materials, 67, Article 103280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ensm.2024.103280

The volumetric energy density of magnesium exceeds that of lithium, making magnesium batteries particularly promising for next-generation energy storage. However, electrochemical cycling of magnesium electrodes in common battery electrolytes is coulo... Read More about Structure and chemical composition of the Mg electrode during cycling in a simple glyme electrolyte.

A lithium-air battery and gas handling system demonstrator (2023)
Journal Article
Jordan, J. W., Vailaya, G., Holc, C., Jenkins, M., McNulty, R. C., Puscalau, C., …Johnson, L. R. (2024). A lithium-air battery and gas handling system demonstrator. Faraday Discussions, 248, 381-391. https://doi.org/10.1039/d3fd00137g

The lithium-air (Li-air) battery offers one of the highest practical specific energy densities of any battery system at >400 W h kgsystem−1. The practical cell is expected to operate in air, which is flowed into the positive porous electrode where it... Read More about A lithium-air battery and gas handling system demonstrator.

Why charging Li–air batteries with current low-voltage mediators is slow and singlet oxygen does not explain degradation (2023)
Journal Article
Ahn, S., Zor, C., Yang, S., Lagnoni, M., Dewar, D., Nimmo, T., …Bruce, P. G. (2023). Why charging Li–air batteries with current low-voltage mediators is slow and singlet oxygen does not explain degradation. Nature Chemistry, 15(7), 1022–1029. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41557-023-01203-3

Although Li–air rechargeable batteries offer higher energy densities than lithium-ion batteries, the insulating Li2O2 formed during discharge hinders rapid, efficient re-charging. Redox mediators are used to facilitate Li2O2 oxidation; however, fast... Read More about Why charging Li–air batteries with current low-voltage mediators is slow and singlet oxygen does not explain degradation.

Voltammetric Evidence of Proton Transport through the Sidewalls of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes (2023)
Journal Article
Jordan, J. W., Mortiboy, B., Khlobystov, A. N., Johnson, L. R., Newton, G. N., & Walsh, D. A. (2023). Voltammetric Evidence of Proton Transport through the Sidewalls of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 145(16), 9052–9058. https://doi.org/10.1021/jacs.3c00554

Understanding ion transport in solid materials is crucial in the design of electrochemical devices. Of particular interest in recent years is the study of ion transport across 2-dimensional, atomically thin crystals. In this contribution, we describe... Read More about Voltammetric Evidence of Proton Transport through the Sidewalls of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes.

Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response (2022)
Journal Article
Wadge, M. D., Bird, M. A., Sankowski, A., Constantin, H., Fay, M. W., Cooper, T. P., …Grant, D. M. (2023). Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response. Advanced Materials Interfaces, 10(5), Article 2201523. https://doi.org/10.1002/admi.202201523

This study describes the chemical conversion and heat treatment of Ti6Al4V microspheres (Ti6_MS), and the resulting effects on their electrocatalytic properties. The wet-chemical conversion (5.0m NaOH, 60°C, 24h; Sample label: Ti6_TC) converts the to... Read More about Nanostructured, Alkaline Titanate‐Converted, and Heat‐Treated Ti6Al4V Microspheres via Wet‐Chemical Alkaline Modification and their ORR Electrocatalytic Response.

Enflurane Additive for Sodium Negative Electrodes (2022)
Journal Article
Akkisetty, B., Dimogiannis, K., Searle, J., Rogers, D., Newton, G. N., & Johnson, L. R. (2022). Enflurane Additive for Sodium Negative Electrodes. ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces, 14(32), 36551-36556. https://doi.org/10.1021/acsami.2c06502

Development of sodium anodes, both hard carbon (HC) and metallic, is dependent on the discovery of electrolyte formations and additives able to stabilize the interphase and support Na+ transport. Halogen salt additives are known to lower the energy b... Read More about Enflurane Additive for Sodium Negative Electrodes.

Singlet oxygen and dioxygen bond cleavage in the aprotic lithium-oxygen battery (2022)
Journal Article
Dong, S., Yang, S., Chen, Y., Kuss, C., Cui, G., Johnson, L. R., …Bruce, P. G. (2022). Singlet oxygen and dioxygen bond cleavage in the aprotic lithium-oxygen battery. Joule, 6(1), 185-192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2021.12.012

Investigation of lithium-oxygen cells on discharge using a mixture of 16O16O and 18O18O gases, showed that O–O bond cleavage occurs during disproportionation of LiO2 to O2 and Li2O2, detected by the presence of isotopic 16O18O. The formation of singl... Read More about Singlet oxygen and dioxygen bond cleavage in the aprotic lithium-oxygen battery.

Electrochemistry of redox-active molecules confined within narrow carbon nanotubes (2021)
Journal Article
Jordan, J. W., Townsend, W. J. V., Johnson, L. R., Walsh, D. A., Newton, G. N., & Khlobystov, A. N. (2021). Electrochemistry of redox-active molecules confined within narrow carbon nanotubes. Chemical Society Reviews, 50(19), 10895-10916. https://doi.org/10.1039/d1cs00478f

Confinement of molecules within nanocontainers can be a powerful tool for controlling the states of guest-molecules, tuning properties of host-nanocontainers and triggering the emergence of synergistic properties within the host–guest systems. Among... Read More about Electrochemistry of redox-active molecules confined within narrow carbon nanotubes.

The Interface between Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 and Liquid Electrolyte (2019)
Journal Article
Liu, J., Gao, X., Hartley, G. O., Rees, G. J., Gong, C., Richter, F. H., …Bruce, P. G. (2020). The Interface between Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 and Liquid Electrolyte. Joule, 4(1), 101-108. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joule.2019.10.001

An advantageous solid electrolyte/liquid electrolyte interface is crucial for the implementation of a protected lithium anode in liquid electrolyte cells. Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 (LLZTO) garnet electrolytes are among the few solid electrolytes that are... Read More about The Interface between Li6.5La3Zr1.5Ta0.5O12 and Liquid Electrolyte.

Kinetics of lithium peroxide oxidation by redox mediators and consequences for the lithium–oxygen cell (2018)
Journal Article
Chen, Y., Gao, X., Johnson, L. R., & Bruce, P. G. (in press). Kinetics of lithium peroxide oxidation by redox mediators and consequences for the lithium–oxygen cell. Nature Communications, 9, https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-018-03204-0

Lithium–oxygen cells in which lithium peroxide forms in solution rather than on the electrode surface, can sustain relatively high cycling rates but require redox mediators to charge. The mediators are oxidised at the electrode surface and then oxidi... Read More about Kinetics of lithium peroxide oxidation by redox mediators and consequences for the lithium–oxygen cell.

Operando monitoring of the solution-mediated discharge and charge processes in a Na-O2 battery using liquid-electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy (2018)
Journal Article
Lutz, L., Dachraoui, W., Demortière, A., Johnson, L. R., Bruce, P. G., Grimaud, A., & Tarascon, J.-M. (in press). Operando monitoring of the solution-mediated discharge and charge processes in a Na-O2 battery using liquid-electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy. Nano Letters, 18(2), https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b04937

Despite the fact that in sodium-oxygen (Na-O2) batteries show promise as high-energy storage systems, this technology is still the subject of intense fundamental research, owing to the complex reaction by which it operates. To understand the formatio... Read More about Operando monitoring of the solution-mediated discharge and charge processes in a Na-O2 battery using liquid-electrochemical Transmission Electron Microscopy.

A rechargeable lithium–oxygen battery with dual mediators stabilizing the carbon cathode (2017)
Journal Article
Gao, X., Chen, Y., Johnson, L. R., Jovanov, Z. P., & Bruce, P. G. (2017). A rechargeable lithium–oxygen battery with dual mediators stabilizing the carbon cathode. Nature Energy, 2, Article 17118. https://doi.org/10.1038/nenergy.2017.118

At the cathode of a Li–O2 battery, O2 is reduced to Li2O2 on discharge, the process being reversed on charge. Li2O2 is an insulating and insoluble solid, leading ultimately to low rates, low capacities and early cell death if formed on the cathode su... Read More about A rechargeable lithium–oxygen battery with dual mediators stabilizing the carbon cathode.

Phenol-Catalyzed Discharge in the Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery (2017)
Journal Article
Gao, X., Jovanov, Z. P., Chen, Y., Johnson, L. R., & Bruce, P. G. (2017). Phenol-Catalyzed Discharge in the Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery. Angewandte Chemie International Edition, 56(23), 6539-6543. https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201702432

Discharge in the lithium‐O2 battery is known to occur either by a solution mechanism, which enables high capacity and rates, or a surface mechanism, which passivates the electrode surface and limits performance. The development of strategies to promo... Read More about Phenol-Catalyzed Discharge in the Aprotic Lithium-Oxygen Battery.

Promoting solution phase discharge in Li-O-2 batteries containing weakly solvating electrolyte solutions (2016)
Journal Article

On discharge, the Li–O2 battery can form a Li2O2 film on the cathode surface, leading to low capacities, low rates and early cell death, or it can form Li2O2 particles in solution, leading to high capacities at relatively high rates and avoiding earl... Read More about Promoting solution phase discharge in Li-O-2 batteries containing weakly solvating electrolyte solutions.