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Novel bioresorbable phosphate glass fiber textile composites for medical applications (2017)
Journal Article
Zhu, C., Ahmed, I., Parsons, A. J., Wang, Y., Tan, C., Liu, J., …Liu, X. (2018). Novel bioresorbable phosphate glass fiber textile composites for medical applications. Polymer Composites, 39(S1), E140-E151. https://doi.org/10.1002/pc.24499

A manual bench-top inkle-type loom was designed to enable hand woven textiles. These PGF textiles, along with unidirectional (UD) fiber mats made from the same batch of yarns, were utilized to manufacture fully resorbable textile composites (T-C), un... Read More about Novel bioresorbable phosphate glass fiber textile composites for medical applications.

Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition (2017)
Journal Article
Tan, C., Ahmed, I., Parsons, A. J., Sharmin, N., Zhu, C., Liu, J., …Liu, X. (2017). Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition. Journal of Materials Science, 52(12), 7489-7502. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0981-1

This paper investigated manufacture of high-durability phosphate glass fibres for biomedical applications. Five different borophosphate glass formulations in the systems of 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–(29 − x)CaO–16MgO–(x)Fe2O3 and 45P2O5–5B2O3–5Na2O–24CaO–(2... Read More about Structural, thermal and dissolution properties of MgO- and CaO-containing borophosphate glasses: effect of Fe2O3 addition.

Compositional dependency on dissolution rate and cytocompatibility of phosphate-based glasses: effect of B2O3 and Fe2O3 addition (2017)
Journal Article
Sharmin, N., Gu, F., Ahmed, I., & Parsons, A. J. (2017). Compositional dependency on dissolution rate and cytocompatibility of phosphate-based glasses: effect of B2O3 and Fe2O3 addition. Journal of Tissue Engineering, 8, 204173141774445. https://doi.org/10.1177/2041731417744454

The unique property of phosphate-based glasses and fibres to be completely dissolved in aqueous media is largely dependent on the glass composition. This article focuses on investigating the effect of replacing Na2O with 3 and 5 mol% Fe2O3 on cytocom... Read More about Compositional dependency on dissolution rate and cytocompatibility of phosphate-based glasses: effect of B2O3 and Fe2O3 addition.

Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses (2017)
Journal Article
Muñoz-Senovilla, L., Muñoz, F., Tricot, G., Ahmed, I., & Parsons, A. J. (2017). Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses. Journal of Materials Science, 52(15), 9166-9178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-017-0773-7

New bioactive phosphate glasses suitable for continuous fibre production are investigated in this work. The structure of both bulk and fibres from Na2O–CaO–MgO–P2O5 glasses has been studied by means of Raman and 31P and 23Na nuclear magnetic resonanc... Read More about Structure–properties relationships in fibre drawing of bioactive phosphate glasses.

Phosphate Glass Fibres and Their Composites (2016)
Book Chapter
Hossain, K. M. Z., Felfel, R. M., Grant, D. M., & Ahmed, I. (2016). Phosphate Glass Fibres and Their Composites. In A. R. Boccaccini, D. S. Brauer, & L. Hupa (Eds.), Bioactive Glasses: Fundamentals, Technology and Applications (257-285). Royal Society of Chemistry. https://doi.org/10.1039/9781782622017-00257

An overview of the research conducted utilising phosphate glass fibres (PGFs), their manufacturing processes and utilisation potential for biomedical applications is presented in this chapter. Phosphate glasses of varying compositions in the form of... Read More about Phosphate Glass Fibres and Their Composites.

Structural, thermal, in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility properties of P2O5-B2O3-CaO-MgO-Na2O-Fe2O3 glasses (2016)
Journal Article
Zhu, C., Ahmed, I., Parsons, A., Hossain, K. M. Z., Rudd, C. D., Liu, J., & Liu, X. (2017). Structural, thermal, in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility properties of P2O5-B2O3-CaO-MgO-Na2O-Fe2O3 glasses. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 457, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jnoncrysol.2016.11.001

Borophosphate glasses with compositions of (48 − x)P2O5-(12 + x)B2O3-14CaO-20MgO-1Na2O-5Fe2O3 (where x = 0, 3, 8 mol%) were prepared via a melt-quenching process. The effects of replacing P2O5 with B2O3 on the structural, thermal, degradation propert... Read More about Structural, thermal, in vitro degradation and cytocompatibility properties of P2O5-B2O3-CaO-MgO-Na2O-Fe2O3 glasses.

Structure, viscosity and fibre drawing properties of phosphate-based glasses: effect of boron and iron oxide addition (2016)
Journal Article

© 2016, Springer Science+Business Media New York. Resorbable phosphate-based glasses have been applied as fibrous reinforcement for resorbable polymers for fracture fixation. The mechanical properties of these composites largely depend on the mechani... Read More about Structure, viscosity and fibre drawing properties of phosphate-based glasses: effect of boron and iron oxide addition.

Cyclic pressure on compression-moulded bioresorbable phosphate glass fibre reinforced composites (2016)
Journal Article
Barrera Betanzos, F., Gimeno-Fabra, M., Segal, J., Grant, D., & Ahmed, I. (2016). Cyclic pressure on compression-moulded bioresorbable phosphate glass fibre reinforced composites. Materials and Design, 100, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2016.03.108

The use of thermoplastic composites based on poly(lactic) acid and phosphate glass fibres over metallic alloys for clinical restorative treatment is highly beneficial due to their biocompatibility and biodegradability. However, difficulties in achiev... Read More about Cyclic pressure on compression-moulded bioresorbable phosphate glass fibre reinforced composites.

In vitro degradation and mechanical properties of PLA-PCL copolymer unit cell scaffolds generated by two-photon polymerization (2016)
Journal Article
Felfel, R. M., Poocza, L., Gimeno-Fabra, M., Milde, T., Hildebrand, G., Ahmed, I., …Liefeith, K. (2016). In vitro degradation and mechanical properties of PLA-PCL copolymer unit cell scaffolds generated by two-photon polymerization. Biomedical Materials, 11(1), Article 015011. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-6041/11/1/015011

© 2016 IOP Publishing Ltd. The manufacture of 3D scaffolds with specific controlled porous architecture, defined microstructure and an adjustable degradation profile was achieved using two-photon polymerization (TPP) with a size of 2 × 4 × 2 mm3. Sca... Read More about In vitro degradation and mechanical properties of PLA-PCL copolymer unit cell scaffolds generated by two-photon polymerization.

In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties (2015)
Journal Article
Chen, M., Parsons, A. J., Felfel, R. M., Rudd, C. D., Irvine, D. J., & Ahmed, I. (2016). In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 59, 78-89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.12.019

Fully bioresorbable composites have been investigated in order to replace metal implant plates used for hard tissue repair. Retention of the composite mechanical properties within a physiological environment has been shown to be significantly affecte... Read More about In-situ polymerisation of fully bioresorbable polycaprolactone/phosphate glass fibre composites: In vitro degradation and mechanical properties.

Core/clad phosphate glass fibres containing iron and/or titanium (2015)
Journal Article
Ahmed, I., Shahruddin, S., Sharmin, N., Furniss, D., & Rudd, C. D. (2015). Core/clad phosphate glass fibres containing iron and/or titanium. Biomedical Glasses, 1(1), https://doi.org/10.1515/bglass-2015-0004

Phosphate glasses are novel amorphous biomaterials due to their fully resorbable characteristics, with controllable degradation profiles. In this study, phosphate glasses containing titanium and/or iron were identified to exhibit sufficiently matched... Read More about Core/clad phosphate glass fibres containing iron and/or titanium.

Development of microspheres for biomedical applications: a review (2014)
Journal Article
Hossain, K. M. Z., Patel, U., & Ahmed, I. (2015). Development of microspheres for biomedical applications: a review. Progress in Biomaterials, 4(1), https://doi.org/10.1007/s40204-014-0033-8

An overview of microspheres manufactured for use in biomedical applications based on recent literature is presented in this review. Different types of glasses (i.e. silicate, borate, and phosphates), ceramics and polymer-based microspheres (both natu... Read More about Development of microspheres for biomedical applications: a review.

Mechanical, degradation and cytocompatibility properties of magnesium coated phosphate glass fibre reinforced polycaprolactone composites (2014)
Journal Article
Liu, X., Hasan, M. S., Grant, D. M., Harper, L. T., Parsons, A. J., Palmer, G., …Ahmed, I. (2014). Mechanical, degradation and cytocompatibility properties of magnesium coated phosphate glass fibre reinforced polycaprolactone composites. Journal of Biomaterials Applications, 29(5), https://doi.org/10.1177/0885328214541302

Retention of mechanical properties of phosphate glass fibre reinforced degradable polyesters such as polycaprolactone and polylactic acid in aqueous media has been shown to be strongly influenced by the integrity of the fibre/polymer interface. A pre... Read More about Mechanical, degradation and cytocompatibility properties of magnesium coated phosphate glass fibre reinforced polycaprolactone composites.

Effect of boron oxide addition on fibre drawing, mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of phosphate-based glass fibres with fixed 40, 45 and 50 mol% P2O5 (2014)
Journal Article

© The Author(s) 2014. Previous studies investigating manufacture of phosphate-based glass fibres from glasses fixed with P2O5 content less than 50 mol% showed that continuous manufacture without breakage was very difficult. In this study, nine phosph... Read More about Effect of boron oxide addition on fibre drawing, mechanical properties and dissolution behaviour of phosphate-based glass fibres with fixed 40, 45 and 50 mol% P2O5.

Initial mechanical properties of phosphate-glass fibre-reinforced rods for use as resorbable intramedullary nails (2012)
Journal Article

This paper investigates the use of novel phosphate- glass fibre-reinforced rods as resorbable intramedullary nails. Random and unidirectional fibres were moulded into composite rods by forging at ∼100 °C. Rods produced using non-woven random mats (RM... Read More about Initial mechanical properties of phosphate-glass fibre-reinforced rods for use as resorbable intramedullary nails.

Influence of screw holes and gamma sterilization on properties of phosphate glass fiber-reinforced composite bone plates (2011)
Journal Article

Polymers prepared from polylactic acid (PLA) have found a multitude of uses as medical devices. For a material that degrades, the main advantage is that an implant would not necessitate a second surgical event for removal. In this study, fibers produ... Read More about Influence of screw holes and gamma sterilization on properties of phosphate glass fiber-reinforced composite bone plates.