All Outputs (288)

Phylogenetic analysis of paired breast carcinomas identifies genetic events associated with clonal recurrence and invasive progression (2025)
Journal Article
Kader, T., Zethoven Sakshi Mahale, M., Saunders, H., Tjoeka, L., Lehmann, R., Jayawardana, M. W., Pang, J.-M., Lesche, D., Rajan, N., Semple, T., Er Amanda Lee, J., Lupat, R., Byrne, D. J., Hughes, S., Nguyen, H., Lai, S., Pechlivanis, M., Craig, O., Devereux, L., House, E., …Gorringe, K. L. (in press). Phylogenetic analysis of paired breast carcinomas identifies genetic events associated with clonal recurrence and invasive progression. Journal of Pathology,

Development of ipsilateral breast carcinoma following diagnosis of breast ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) has been assumed to represent recurrence of the primary tumour. However, this may not be the case and it is important to know how often recurren... Read More about Phylogenetic analysis of paired breast carcinomas identifies genetic events associated with clonal recurrence and invasive progression.

Treatment Strategies for Triple-Negative Primary Breast Cancer in Older Women: A Systematic Review (2025)
Journal Article
Ahmed, B., Al-Khames Aga, Q., Cheung, K.-L., de Boniface, J., Gnant, M., Cardoso, M.-J., Rakha, E., Elumalai, T., Harbeck, N., Kaidar-Person, O., & Amit, A. (2025). Treatment Strategies for Triple-Negative Primary Breast Cancer in Older Women: A Systematic Review. JNCI Cancer Spectrum, 9(3), Article pkaf049. https://doi.org/10.1093/jncics/pkaf049

Purpose

Although the relative proportion of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) decreases with age, its prevalence is rising with an ageing population. This study examines real-world treatment practices, whether age in older women with TNBC (owTN... Read More about Treatment Strategies for Triple-Negative Primary Breast Cancer in Older Women: A Systematic Review.

Cardiotoxicity of breast cancer drug treatments (2025)
Journal Article
Haque, M., Atallah, N., Patke, R., Harris, A. E., Woodcock, C. L., Varun, D., Thompson, R. L., Jackson-Oxley, J., Okui, C. H., Dean, A., Alsaleem, M., Rakha, E., Irshad, S., Davis, M. B., Jeyapalan, J. N., Mongan, N. P., & Rutland, C. S. (2025). Cardiotoxicity of breast cancer drug treatments. Translational Oncology, 55, Article 102352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2025.102352

Breast cancer (BC) is a leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women worldwide. BC is regarded as a systemic disease. Consequently, the majority of BC patients undergo systemic therapy to reduce the risk of distant metastasis (DM) and associ... Read More about Cardiotoxicity of breast cancer drug treatments.

SLC1A5 is a key regulator of glutamine metabolism and a prognostic marker for aggressive luminal breast cancer (2025)
Journal Article
Alfarsi, L. H., El Ansari, R., Erkan, B., Fakroun, A., Craze, M. L., Aleskandarany, M. A., Cheng, K. W., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2025). SLC1A5 is a key regulator of glutamine metabolism and a prognostic marker for aggressive luminal breast cancer. Scientific Reports, 15(1), Article 2805. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87292-1

Cancer cells exhibit altered metabolism, often relying on glutamine (Gln) for growth. Breast cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous disease with varying clinical outcomes. We investigated the role of the amino acid transporter SLC1A5 (ASCT2) and its associat... Read More about SLC1A5 is a key regulator of glutamine metabolism and a prognostic marker for aggressive luminal breast cancer.

Cell division cycle 6 is an independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Kariri, Y. A., Alsaleem, M., Alhatlani, B. Y., Al-Kawaz, A., Mongan, N. P., Green, A. R., & Rakha, E. A. (2025). Cell division cycle 6 is an independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer. Pathology, 57(3), 297-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2024.09.006

Cell division cycle 6 (CDC6) is a cell cycle protein involved in cell cycle control, DNA replication and cancer cell apoptosis. This study investigated the prognostic value of CDC6 in breast cancer (BC) utilising large well-characterised cohorts of e... Read More about Cell division cycle 6 is an independent prognostic biomarker in breast cancer.

Cell cycle traverse rate predicts long-term outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Bhattarai, S., Rupji, M., Chao, H.-P., Xu, Q., Saini, G., Rida, P., Aleskandarany, M. A., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., Janssen, E. A., Jonsdottir, K., Rakha, E., Kowalski-Mueggen, J., & Aneja, R. (2024). Cell cycle traverse rate predicts long-term outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer. BJC Reports, 2(1), Article 87. https://doi.org/10.1038/s44276-024-00097-z

Background
Ki67 index (KI) and mitotic index (MI) are proliferation markers with established prognostic value in breast carcinomas. While KI is evaluated immunohistochemically and reported as a percentage, MI is determined visually and reflects tota... Read More about Cell cycle traverse rate predicts long-term outcomes in a multi-institutional cohort of patients with triple-negative breast cancer.

Wnt/GSK-3β mediates posttranslational modifications of FLYWCH1 to regulate intestinal epithelial function and tumorigenesis in the colon (2024)
Journal Article
Almozyan, S., Babaei-Jadidi, R., Aljohani, A., Youssefi, S., Dalleywater, W., Kadam, P., Spencer-Dene, B., Rakha, E., Ilyas, M., & Shams Nateri, A. (2025). Wnt/GSK-3β mediates posttranslational modifications of FLYWCH1 to regulate intestinal epithelial function and tumorigenesis in the colon. Cancer Communications, 45(1), 9-14. https://doi.org/10.1002/cac2.12625

Hydroxyacid Oxidase 1, a Glutamine Metabolism-Associated Protein, Predicts Poor Patient Outcome in Luminal Breast Cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Erkan, B., MacIntyre, S., Brown, C., Fakroun, A., Lashen, A. G., Mongan, N. P., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2024). Hydroxyacid Oxidase 1, a Glutamine Metabolism-Associated Protein, Predicts Poor Patient Outcome in Luminal Breast Cancer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 25(21), Article 11572. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms252111572

Breast cancer (BC), which remains the most prevalent malignancy among women, is characterised by significant heterogeneity across its molecular subtypes. Oestrogen receptor-positive (ER+) (luminal) BC represents approximately 75% of cases, and despit... Read More about Hydroxyacid Oxidase 1, a Glutamine Metabolism-Associated Protein, Predicts Poor Patient Outcome in Luminal Breast Cancer.

Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy (2024)
Journal Article
Ghannam, S. F., Rutland, C. S., Allegrucci, C., Mather, M. L., Alsaleem, M., Bateman-Price, T. D., Patke, R., Ball, G., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. (2025). Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy. Journal of Microscopy, 297(2), 135-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/jmi.13361

Breast cancer (BC) is characterised by a high level of heterogeneity, which is influenced by the interaction of neoplastic cells with the tumour microenvironment. The diagnostic and prognostic role of the tumour stroma in BC remains to be defined. Di... Read More about Geometric characteristics of stromal collagen fibres in breast cancer using differential interference contrast microscopy.

Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumour Expression and Association with Clinical Outcome (2024)
Journal Article
Lacey, K., Greener, M. R., Marak, T. R., Rakha, E. A., Green, A. R., Ellis, I. O., Martin, S. G., & Storr, S. J. (2024). Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumour Expression and Association with Clinical Outcome. Cancers, 16(18), Article 3206. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16183206

Protein tyrosine kinase 7 (PTK7), originally known as colon carcinoma kinase (CCK4), is an evolutionary conserved, catalytically defective transmembrane receptor involved in Wnt signalling. PTK7 has been identified as a potential therapeutic target,... Read More about Protein Tyrosine Kinase 7 (PTK7) in Breast Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis of Tumour Expression and Association with Clinical Outcome.

The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes (2024)
Journal Article
Ghannam, S. F., Makhlouf, S., Alsaleem, M., Rutland, C. S., Allegrucci, C., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. A. (2024). The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes. Modern Pathology, 37(12), Article 100607. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.modpat.2024.100607

The tumor microenvironment plays a key role in tumor progression. The proportion of the stroma-to-tumor cells (stroma-tumor ratio [STR]) has a variable prognostic significance in breast cancer (BC) molecular classes. In this study, we evaluated the m... Read More about The Conflicting Prognostic Role of the Stroma–Tumor Ratio in Breast Cancer Molecular Subtypes.

Prognostic and Clinical Significance of the Proliferation Marker MCM7 in Breast Cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Toss, M. S., Rutland, C. S., Green, A. R., Mongan, N. P., & Rakha, E. (2025). Prognostic and Clinical Significance of the Proliferation Marker MCM7 in Breast Cancer. Pathobiology, 92(1), 18-27. https://doi.org/10.1159/000540790

Introduction: Minichromosome maintenance complex component 7 (MCM7) plays an essential role in proliferation and DNA replication of cancer cells. However, the expression and prognostic significance of MCM7 in breast cancer (BC) remain to be defined.... Read More about Prognostic and Clinical Significance of the Proliferation Marker MCM7 in Breast Cancer.

The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Woodcock, C. L., Alsaleem, M., Toss, M. S., Lothion-Roy, J., Harris, A. E., Jeyapalan, J. N., Blatt, N., Rizvanov, A. A., Miftakhova, R. R., Kariri, Y. A., Madhusudan, S., Green, A. R., Rutland, C. S., Fray, R. G., Rakha, E. A., & Mongan, N. P. (2024). The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer. Discover Oncology, 15(1), Article 343. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12672-024-01205-8

Background: N6-methyladenosine (m6A) is the most common internal RNA modification and is involved in regulation of RNA and protein expression. AlkB family member 5 (ALKBH5) is a m6A demethylase. Given the important role of m6A in biological mechanism... Read More about The role of the ALKBH5 RNA demethylase in invasive breast cancer.

Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Patke, R., Harris, A. E., Woodcock, C. L., Thompson, R., Santos, R., Kumari, A., Allegrucci, C., Archer, N., Gudas, L. J., Robinson, B. D., Persson, J. L., Fray, R., Jeyapalan, J., Rutland, C. S., Rakha, E., Madhusudan, S., Emes, R. D., Muyangwa-Semenova, M., Alsaleem, M., de Brot, S., …Lothion-Roy, J. (2024). Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer. Neoplasia, 56, Article 101032. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neo.2024.101032

Prostate cancer (PCa) is the second most common cancer diagnosed in men. While radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are often successful in treating localised disease, post-treatment recurrence is common. As the androgen receptor (AR) and androgen... Read More about Epitranscriptomic mechanisms of androgen signalling and prostate cancer.

Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions (2024)
Journal Article
Kader, T., Provenzano, E., Jayawardana, M. W., Hendry, S., Pang, J.-M., Elder, K., Byrne, D. J., Tjoeka, L., Frazer, H. M., House, E., Jayasinghe, S. I., Keane, H., Murugasu, A., Rajan, N., Miligy, I., Toss, M., Green, A., Rakha, E., Fox, S. B., Mann, B., …Gorringe, K. L. (2024). Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions. Breast Cancer Research, 26, Article 115

Various histopathological, clinical and imaging parameters have been evaluated to identify a subset of women diagnosed with lesions with uncertain malignant potential (B3 or BIRADS 3/4A lesions) who could safely be observed rather than being treated... Read More about Stromal lymphocytes are associated with upgrade of B3 breast lesions.

Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Toss, M., Miligy, I., Rewcastle, E., Kiraz, U., Janssen, E. A. M., Green, A. R., Quinn, C., Ellis, I., & Rakha, E. (2024). Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study. Histopathology, 85(3), 468-477. https://doi.org/10.1111/his.15234

Aims
In this study, we validate the use of Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx), consisting of tumour size, tumour grade, progesterone receptor (PR) and Ki67 in luminal BC.

Materials and methods
Two large cohorts of luminal early-stage BC (n = 2864) we... Read More about Nottingham Prognostic x (NPx): a risk stratification tool in ER-positive HER2-negative breast cancer: A validation study.

ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Patel, R., Alfarsi, L. H., El-Ansari, R., Masisi, B. K., Erkan, B., Fakroun, A., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2024). ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer. Pathobiology, 91(6), 411-421. https://doi.org/10.1159/000539564

Purpose: ATF4, a stress-responsive transcription factor that upregulates adaptive genes, is a potential prognostic marker and modulator of glutamine metabolism in breast cancer. However, its exact role remains to be elucidated.

Methods: ATF4 expre... Read More about ATF4 as a Prognostic Marker and Modulator of Glutamine Metabolism in Estrogen Receptor Positive Breast Cancer.

The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer (2024)
Journal Article
Lashen, A. G., Almalki, N., Toss, M., Mirza, S., Malki, M. I., Rutland, C. S., Jeyapalan, J. N., Green, A. R., Mongan, N. P., Madhusudan, S., & Rakha, E. A. (2024). The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer. Pathology, 56(6), 826-833. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pathol.2024.03.012

Histone H1 (H.H1) is involved in chromatin organisation and gene regulation and is overexpressed in many malignant tumours, including breast cancer (BC). This study proposed and evaluated the prognostic role of H.H1 expression in BC.

H.H1 mRNA exp... Read More about The characteristics and prognostic significance of histone H1 expression in breast cancer.

Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy (2024)
Journal Article
Masisi, B. K., El Ansari, R., Alfarsi, L., Fakroun, A., Erkan, B., Ibrahim, A., Toss, M., Ellis, I. O., Rakha, E. A., & Green, A. R. (2024). Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy. Cancers, 16(11), Article 1949. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers16111949

Background: Breast cancer (BC) remains heterogeneous in terms of prognosis and response to treatment. Metabolic reprogramming is a critical part of oncogenesis and a potential therapeutic target. Glutaminase (GLS), which generates glutamate from glut... Read More about Tripartite Motif Containing 2, a glutamine metabolism-associated protein, predicts poor patient outcome in triple negative breast cancer treated with chemotherapy.

Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery (2024)
Journal Article
Barkur, S., Boitor, R. A., Mihai, R., Raja Gopal, N. S., Leeney, S., Koloydenko, A. A., Khout, H., Rakha, E., & Notingher, I. (2024). Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery. Breast Cancer Research and Treatment, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10549-024-07349-z

Background and objectives: Sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy is a standard procedure for patients with breast cancer and normal axilla on imaging. Positive SLNs on histological examination can lead to a subsequent surgery for axillary lymph node clear... Read More about Intraoperative spectroscopic evaluation of sentinel lymph nodes in breast cancer surgery.