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Silent hypoxia is not an identifiable characteristic in patients with COVID-19 infection (2022)
Journal Article
Plummer, N. R., Fogarty, A., Shaw, D., Card, T., West, J., & Crooks, C. (2022). Silent hypoxia is not an identifiable characteristic in patients with COVID-19 infection. Respiratory Medicine, 197, Article 106858. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rmed.2022.106858

Background: We aimed to assess whether asymptomatic (“happy”) hypoxia was an identifiable physiological phenotype of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), and associated with need for ICU admission. Methods: We performed an observation... Read More about Silent hypoxia is not an identifiable characteristic in patients with COVID-19 infection.

The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England (2022)
Journal Article
Crooks, C. J., Card, T. R., & West, J. (2022). The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England. Alimentary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 56(1), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1111/apt.16946

Aim: To determine the excess of acute medical contacts following a day-case diagnostic gastroscopy. Methods: Cohort study using English linked primary, secondary care and death registry electronic health data. We included 277,535 diagnostic day-case... Read More about The risk of unexpected hospital admissions and primary care visits after an elective day-case gastroscopy: A cohort study within England.

Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018 (2022)
Preprint / Working Paper
West, J., Stilwell, P., Liu, H., Ban, L., Bythell, M., Card, T. R., …Crooks, C. J. Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018

Background Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is rare, results in high mortality and is increasingly being diagnosed. Little is known about what is driving the apparent rise in the incidence of this disease.

Methods Using national linked el... Read More about Temporal trends in the incidence of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: a nationwide cohort study from England 2003-2018.

Motivation to Reduce Drinking and Engagement in Alcohol Misuse Treatment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A National Health Survey (2021)
Journal Article
Kann, A. E., Jepsen, P., Madsen, L., Crooks, C., Fleming, K., Christensen, A. I., …Askgaard, G. (2022). Motivation to Reduce Drinking and Engagement in Alcohol Misuse Treatment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A National Health Survey. American Journal of Gastroenterology, 117(6), 918-922. https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000001616

INTRODUCTION: The study aim was to identify predictors of motivation to reduce alcohol consumption and whether motivation predicts engagement in alcohol misuse treatment in alcohol-related liver disease (ALD). METHODS: Data from health surveys and he... Read More about Motivation to Reduce Drinking and Engagement in Alcohol Misuse Treatment in Alcohol-Related Liver Disease: A National Health Survey.

Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England (2021)
Journal Article
West, J., Card, T. R., Bishton, M. J., Lanyon, P., Ban, L., Bythell, M., …Crooks, C. J. (2022). Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England. Journal of Internal Medicine, 291(4), 493-504. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.13432

Background: Haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a rare hyper-inflammatory condition with poor outcomes. Objectives: Few population-based estimates of the incidence and survival in adults exist. We aimed to provide these data for England. Met... Read More about Incidence and survival of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis: A population‐based cohort study from England.

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre (2021)
Journal Article
Voona, S., Abdic, H., Montgomery, R., Clarkson, A., Twitchell, H., Hills, T., …Monaghan, T. M. (2022). Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre. Anaerobe, 73, Article 102479. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anaerobe.2021.102479

Serious concerns have been raised about a possible increase in cases of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) during the COVID-19 pandemic. We conducted a retrospective observational single centre study which revealed that total combined community... Read More about Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on prevalence of Clostridioides difficile infection in a UK tertiary centre.

Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19 (2021)
Journal Article
Au-Yong, I., Higashi, Y., Giannotti, E., Fogarty, A., Morling, J. R., Grainge, M., …Card, T. (2022). Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19. Radiology, 302(2), 460-469. https://doi.org/10.1148/radiol.2021210986

Background Radiographic severity may help predict patient deterioration and outcomes from COVID-19 pneumonia. Purpose To assess the reliability and reproducibility of three chest radiograph reporting systems (radiographic assessment of lung edema [RA... Read More about Chest Radiograph Scoring Alone or Combined with Other Risk Scores for Predicting Outcomes in COVID-19.

Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity (2021)
Journal Article
Innes, H., Crooks, C. J., Aspinall, E., Card, T. R., Hamill, V., Dillon, J., …Morling, J. R. (2022). Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity. Hepatology, 75(2), 369-378. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.32123

Background and Aims: It is thought that alcohol intake and body mass index (BMI) interact supra-additively to modulate the risk of cirrhosis, but evidence for this phenomenon is limited. We investigated the interrelationship between alcohol and BMI o... Read More about Characterizing the risk interplay between alcohol intake and body mass index on cirrhosis morbidity.

A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data (2021)
Journal Article
Bishton, M. J., Stilwell, P., Card, T. R., Lanyon, P., Ban, L., Elliss-Brookes, L., …Bythell, M. (2021). A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data. British Journal of Haematology, 194(6), 1039-1044. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjh.17768

We assessed the validity of coded healthcare data to identify cases of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) identified 127 cases within five hospital Trusts 2013–2018 using ICD-10 codes D76.1, D76.2 and D76.3.... Read More about A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data.

Socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of alcohol-related liver disease: A nationwide Danish study (2021)
Journal Article
Askgaard, G., Fleming, K. M., Crooks, C., Kraglund, F., Jensen, C. B., West, J., & Jepsen, P. (2021). Socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of alcohol-related liver disease: A nationwide Danish study. Lancet Regional Health – Europe, 8, 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lanepe.2021.100172

Background: There is socio-economic inequality in total alcohol-related harm, but knowledge of inequality in the incidence of specific alcohol-related diseases would be beneficial for prevention. Registry-based studies with nationwide coverage may re... Read More about Socioeconomic inequalities in the incidence of alcohol-related liver disease: A nationwide Danish study.

Planned surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study from Nottingham (2021)
Journal Article
Catton, J., Banerjea, A., Gregory, S., Hall, C., Crooks, C., Lewis-Lloyd, C., …Humes, D. (2021). Planned surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study from Nottingham. Langenbeck's Archives of Surgery, 406, 2469-2477. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00423-021-02207-8

Purpose
Globally planned surgical procedures have been deferred during the current COVID-19 pandemic. The study aimed to report the outcomes of planned urgent and cancer cases during the current pandemic using a multi-disciplinary prioritisation gro... Read More about Planned surgery in the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study from Nottingham.

A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data (2021)
Preprint / Working Paper
Bishton, M., Stilwell, P., Card, T. R., Lanyon, P., Ban, L., Elliss-Brookes, L., …Bythell, M. A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data

We assessed the validity of coded health care data to identify cases of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) identified 127 cases within five hospital Trusts 2013-2018 using ICD-10 codes D76.1, D76.2 and D76.3.... Read More about A validation study of the identification of haemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in England using population-based health data.

Outcomes after non-operative management of perforated diverticular disease: a population-based cohort study (2021)
Journal Article
Adiamah, A., Ban, L., Otete, H., Crooks, C. J., West, J., & Humes, D. J. (2021). Outcomes after non-operative management of perforated diverticular disease: a population-based cohort study. BJS Open, 5(2), Article zraa073. https://doi.org/10.1093/bjsopen/zraa073

BACKGROUND: The management of perforated diverticular disease has changed in the past 10 years with a move towards less surgical intervention. This population-based cohort study aimed to define the risk of death and readmission following non-operativ... Read More about Outcomes after non-operative management of perforated diverticular disease: a population-based cohort study.

COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study (2020)
Journal Article
Manson, J. J., Crooks, C., Naja, M., Ledlie, A., Goulden, B., Liddle, T., …Tattersall, R. (2020). COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study. The Lancet Rheumatology, 2(10), e594-e602. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2665-9913%2820%2930275-7

Background: A subset of patients with severe COVID-19 develop a hyperinflammatory syndrome, which might contribute to morbidity and mortality. This study explores a specific phenotype of COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation (COV-HI), and its associa... Read More about COVID-19-associated hyperinflammation and escalation of patient care: a retrospective longitudinal cohort study.

Supervised Bayesian statistical learning to identify prognostic risk factor patterns from population data (2020)
Book Chapter
Crooks, C. J. (2020). Supervised Bayesian statistical learning to identify prognostic risk factor patterns from population data. In L. B. Pape-Haugaard, C. Lovis, I. Cort Madsen, P. Weber, P. Hostrup Nielsen, & P. Scott (Eds.), Digital personalized health and medicine: Proceedings of MIE 2020 (422-426). IOS Press. https://doi.org/10.3233/SHTI200195

Current methods for building risk models assume averaged uniform effects across populations. They use weighted sums of individual risk factors from regression models with only a few interactions, such as age. This does not allow risk factor effects t... Read More about Supervised Bayesian statistical learning to identify prognostic risk factor patterns from population data.

Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study (2020)
Journal Article
Grønbæk, L., Otete, H., Ban, L., Crooks, C., Card, T., Jepsen, P., & West, J. (2020). Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study. Liver International, 40(7), 1634-1644. https://doi.org/10.1111/liv.14480

© 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd Background & Aims: There are few population-based studies of the incidence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis. The burden of the disease and how it has changed over time have not... Read More about Incidence, prevalence and mortality of autoimmune hepatitis in England 1997-2015. A population-based cohort study.

Changes in the testing for and incidence of celiac disease in the UK 2005-2015: a population based cohort study (2019)
Journal Article
West, J., Otete, H., Sultan, A. A., & Crooks, C. J. (2019). Changes in the testing for and incidence of celiac disease in the UK 2005-2015: a population based cohort study. Epidemiology, 30(4), e23-e24. https://doi.org/10.1097/EDE.0000000000001006

The diagnosis rates of coeliac disease differ substantially between countries. Intriguingly, there has been recent evidence from Olmstead County, USA and Finland that in the last 5-10 years incidence has plateaued or even declined. In most population... Read More about Changes in the testing for and incidence of celiac disease in the UK 2005-2015: a population based cohort study.

A validation study of the CirCom comorbidity score in an English cirrhosis population using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (2018)
Journal Article
Crooks, C. J., West, J., & Jepson, P. (2018). A validation study of the CirCom comorbidity score in an English cirrhosis population using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink. Clinical Epidemiology, 2018:10, https://doi.org/10.2147/CLEP.S147535

Purpose: The CirCom score has been developed from Danish data as a specific measure of comorbidity for cirrhosis to predict all-cause mortality. We compared its performance with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) in an English cirrhosis population.... Read More about A validation study of the CirCom comorbidity score in an English cirrhosis population using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink.

The risk of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with pernicious anaemia: a retrospective cohort study using primary care database. (2017)
Journal Article
Othman, F., Crooks, C. J., & Card, T. R. (in press). The risk of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with pernicious anaemia: a retrospective cohort study using primary care database. United European Gastroenterology Journal, https://doi.org/10.1177/2050640617695697

Background: Studies have found an association between proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use and Clostridium difficile infection. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the mechanism by which PPIs induce an increased risk of C. difficile infecti... Read More about The risk of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with pernicious anaemia: a retrospective cohort study using primary care database..