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Carbon Emission Analysis of Electrical Machines (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Zhang, X., Xu, Z., Gerada, C., & Gerada, D. (2021, October). Carbon Emission Analysis of Electrical Machines. Presented at 24th International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems (ICEMS 2021), Gyeongju, Korea, Republic of

The industry places increased importance on carbon reduction. Many are focused on lowering the fuel consumption of electrical machines, however, carbon emissions from the acquisition of raw materials and the energy consumption of manufacturing proces... Read More about Carbon Emission Analysis of Electrical Machines.

An Extended State Loop Filter With Position Error Observer for Sensorless IPMSM Drives (2021)
Journal Article
Xu, Z., & Gerada, C. (2022). An Extended State Loop Filter With Position Error Observer for Sensorless IPMSM Drives. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 69(12), 12213-12224. https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2021.3134061

Sensorless drives of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors (IPMSMs) find a broad range of applications due to their inherent benefits. In practical electrified propulsions, the IPMSM drives are usually working in highly utilized conditions whe... Read More about An Extended State Loop Filter With Position Error Observer for Sensorless IPMSM Drives.

Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope (2021)
Journal Article
Tom, L., Khowja, M., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope. Energies, 14(24), Article 8381. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14248381

Electric and hybrid-electric aircraft propulsion are rapidly revolutionising mobility technologies. Air travel has become a major focus point with respect to reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The electrification of aircraft components can bring seve... Read More about Commercial Aircraft Electrification—Current State and Future Scope.

Significance of Anisotropic Thermal Expansion in High Speed Electric Machines Employing NdFeB Permanent Magnets (2021)
Journal Article
Kumar, R., La Rocca, A., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., & Fernandes, B. G. (2021). Significance of Anisotropic Thermal Expansion in High Speed Electric Machines Employing NdFeB Permanent Magnets. Energies, 14(22), Article 7558. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14227558

Many high speed applications employ a surface permanent magnet (PM) machine topology with a retaining sleeve due to its robustness and ability to achieve high overall peripheral speeds as well as efficiencies. One often overlooked feature in the mech... Read More about Significance of Anisotropic Thermal Expansion in High Speed Electric Machines Employing NdFeB Permanent Magnets.

Control‑Based Stabilization of DC Microgrid for More Electric Aircraft (2021)
Journal Article
Yang, J., Buticchi, G., Gu, C., Wheeler, P., Zhang, H., & Gerada, C. (2021). Control‑Based Stabilization of DC Microgrid for More Electric Aircraft. Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 38(5), 737-746. https://doi.org/10.16356/j.1005-1120.2021.05.003

Electrifying the on-board subsystems of aircraft becomes an inevitable process as being faced with the environmental pollution, along with the proposed concept called more electric aircraft (MEA). With the increasing number of on-board power electron... Read More about Control‑Based Stabilization of DC Microgrid for More Electric Aircraft.

Calculation Model of Armature Reaction Magnetic Field of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Segmented Skewed Poles (2021)
Journal Article
An, Y., Ma, C., Zhang, N., Guo, Y., Degano, M., Gerada, C., Bu, F., Yin, X., Li, Q., & Zhou, S. (2022). Calculation Model of Armature Reaction Magnetic Field of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Segmented Skewed Poles. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 37(2), 1115-1123. https://doi.org/10.1109/tec.2021.3123359

In an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) with segmented skewed poles, the armature reaction magnetic field (AR-MF) changes nonlinearly due to the saturation of the rotor magnetic barrier. Meanwhile, this varies under different excita... Read More about Calculation Model of Armature Reaction Magnetic Field of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With Segmented Skewed Poles.

Influence of the Magnetic Load on High Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Gallicchio, G., Palmieri, M., Cupertino, F., Di Nardo, M., Degano, M., & Gerada, C. (2021, October). Influence of the Magnetic Load on High Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design. Presented at IECON 2021 - 47th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, Toronto, ON, Canada

Synchronous reluctance machines are becoming a widespread solution in many engineering areas thanks to their simple rotor structure, the absence of rare-earth permanent magnets and high efficiency. The design of such machines is a widely investigated... Read More about Influence of the Magnetic Load on High Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines Design.

Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network Architecture-Based Intention Recognition for Human-Robot Collaboration (2021)
Journal Article
Gao, X., Yan, L., Wang, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network Architecture-Based Intention Recognition for Human-Robot Collaboration. IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics, 53(3), 1578 - 1586. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcyb.2021.3106543

Human–robot-collaboration requires robot to proactively and intelligently recognize the intention of human operator. Despite deep learning approaches have achieved certain results in performing feature learning and long-term temporal dependencies mod... Read More about Hybrid Recurrent Neural Network Architecture-Based Intention Recognition for Human-Robot Collaboration.

Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Marfoli, A., Nardo, M. D., Garvey, S., Degano, M., Vashisht, R., Turnbull, R., & Gerada, C. (2021, October). Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine. Presented at IEEE Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE 2021), Vancouver, BC, Canada

This paper presents a general multi-harmonics analytical model able to predict both torque and force behaviour of a multi-phase permanent magnet synchronous machine. This machine topology can be adopted in bearingless applications and in application... Read More about Modelling, Analysis and Design Considerations of Multi-Phase Bearingless Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machine.

Open-Circuit Air-Gap Magnetic Field Calculation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With V-Shaped Segmented Skewed Poles Using Hybrid Analytical Method (2021)
Journal Article
An, Y., Ma, C., Zhang, N., Guo, Y., Degano, M., Gerada, C., Li, Q., & Zhou, S. (2021). Open-Circuit Air-Gap Magnetic Field Calculation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With V-Shaped Segmented Skewed Poles Using Hybrid Analytical Method. IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, 57(12), Article 8108309. https://doi.org/10.1109/tmag.2021.3118222

Due to the local inhomogeneous magnetic saturation of the core of the interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM), the magnetic field changes nonlinearly, which makes the analytical calculation of the magnetic field difficult. Therefore, the... Read More about Open-Circuit Air-Gap Magnetic Field Calculation of Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor With V-Shaped Segmented Skewed Poles Using Hybrid Analytical Method.

Design of Rare-Earth-Free PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Heavy-duty Automotive Application (2021)
Presentation / Conference Contribution
Al-ani, M., La Rocca, S., La Rocca, A., Walker, A., Ramanathan, R., Zou, T., Vakil, G., Gerada, D., Gerada, C., Paciura, K., & McQueen, A. (2020, December). Design of Rare-Earth-Free PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Heavy-duty Automotive Application. Presented at The 10th International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives (PEMD 2020), Online Conference

Electrical machines designed for automotive applications are characterised by high torque density, wide speed range and low cost. The use of NdFeB magnets in such machines can achieve the required high torque density and wide speed range, however, it... Read More about Design of Rare-Earth-Free PM-assisted Synchronous Reluctance Machine for Heavy-duty Automotive Application.

Hairpin Windings: An Opportunity for Next-Generation E-Motors in Transportation (2021)
Journal Article
Nuzzo, S., Barater, D., Gerada, C., & Vai, P. (2022). Hairpin Windings: An Opportunity for Next-Generation E-Motors in Transportation. IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, 16(4), 52-59. https://doi.org/10.1109/mie.2021.3106571

Advances in electrical machines and power electronics (PEs) are helping to achieve the power density and efficiency required by the transportation sector. However, the reliability of components and production processes is a challenge. This is especia... Read More about Hairpin Windings: An Opportunity for Next-Generation E-Motors in Transportation.

Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications (2021)
Journal Article
Gao, Y., Yang, T., Bozhko, S., Wheeler, P., Dragicevic, T.-L., & Gerada, C. (2022). Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications. Chinese Journal of Aeronautics, 35(10), 233-246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cja.2021.08.006

This study uses the Neural Network (NN) technique to optimize design of surface-mounted Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors (PMSMs) for More-Electric Aircraft (MEA) applications. The key role of NN is to provide dedicated correction factors for the a... Read More about Neural Network aided PMSM multi-objective design and optimization for more-electric aircraft applications.

Femtocore: An Application Specific Processor for Vertically Integrated High Performance Real-Time Controls (2021)
Journal Article
Savi, F., Harikumaran, J., Barater, D., Buticchi, G., Gerada, C., & Wheeler, P. (2021). Femtocore: An Application Specific Processor for Vertically Integrated High Performance Real-Time Controls. IEEE Open Journal of the Industrial Electronics Society, 2, 479-488. https://doi.org/10.1109/OJIES.2021.3112124

In applications that require a high availability and high performance (for example aerospace),modular power electronics and multi-phase machines represent an advantageous choice. In this framework, a control system able to handle a high number of PWM... Read More about Femtocore: An Application Specific Processor for Vertically Integrated High Performance Real-Time Controls.

Modeling and analysis in trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots with wheel skidding and slipping: Disturbance rejection perspective (2021)
Journal Article
Gao, X., Yan, L., & Gerada, C. (2021). Modeling and analysis in trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots with wheel skidding and slipping: Disturbance rejection perspective. Actuators, 10(9), Article 222. https://doi.org/10.3390/act10090222

Wheeled mobile robot (WMR) is usually applicable for executing an operational task around complicated environment; skidding and slipping phenomena unavoidably appear during the motion, which thus can compromise the accomplishment of the task. This pa... Read More about Modeling and analysis in trajectory tracking control for wheeled mobile robots with wheel skidding and slipping: Disturbance rejection perspective.

High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Materials Selection and Performance Boundaries (2021)
Journal Article
Di Nardo, M., Gallicchio, G., Palmieri, M., Marfoli, A., Lo Calzo, G., Degano, M., Gerada, C., & Cupertino, F. (2022). High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Materials Selection and Performance Boundaries. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(1), 1228-1241. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3109452

This article presents a comprehensive comparative design exercise of synchronous reluctance (SyR) machines considering different soft magnetic materials and a wide range of speeds. First, a general design methodology able to consider all the conseque... Read More about High-Speed Synchronous Reluctance Machines: Materials Selection and Performance Boundaries.

Multi-objective optimisation of the HSPMM rotor based on the multi-physics surrogate model (2021)
Journal Article
Dai, R., Zhang, Y., Wang, T., Zhang, F., Gerada, C., & Zhang, Y. (2021). Multi-objective optimisation of the HSPMM rotor based on the multi-physics surrogate model. IET Electric Power Applications, 15(12), 1616-1629. https://doi.org/10.1049/elp2.12126

High-speed permanent magnetic machine (HSPMM) is attracting more attention due to its high power density, compact size, small rotating inertia, and rapid response capability. However, the design of the HSPMM rotor is a non-linear, multi-physics coupl... Read More about Multi-objective optimisation of the HSPMM rotor based on the multi-physics surrogate model.

Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling (2021)
Journal Article
Zhang, F., Gerada, D., Xu, Z., Zhang, X., Zhang, H., Gerada, C., Zhu, M., Xia, L., Zhang, W., & Degano, M. (2022). Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling. IEEE Transactions on Transportation Electrification, 8(1), 312-324. https://doi.org/10.1109/TTE.2021.3106819

Thermal management is often considered a bottleneck in the pursuit of the next-generation electrical machines for electrified transportation with a step change in power density. Slot-channel cooling is considered to be an effective cooling technique,... Read More about Improved Thermal Modeling and Experimental Validation of Oil-Flooded High-Performance Machines with Slot-Channel Cooling.

How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel (2021)
Journal Article
Winter, K., Liao, Z., Ramanathan, R., Axinte, D., Vakil, G., & Gerada, C. (2021). How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel. Materials and Design, 210, Article 110051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matdes.2021.110051

Non-oriented electrical steel (NOES) laminations are commonly used to manufacture the rotor and stator core of electric machines. To achieve high machine efficiencies, it is desirable for these NOES laminations to be able to achieve a high saturation... Read More about How non-conventional machining affects the surface integrity and magnetic properties of non-oriented electrical steel.

On Torque Improvement by Current Harmonic Injection in Isotropic and Anisotropic Multiphase Machines (2021)
Journal Article
De Gaetano, D. D., Harikumaran, J., Sala, G., Degano, M., Buticchi, G., & Gerada, C. (2022). On Torque Improvement by Current Harmonic Injection in Isotropic and Anisotropic Multiphase Machines. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Industrial Electronics, 3(3), 845-853. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTIE.2021.3105337

Multiphase machines give the possibility to increase the torque injecting and controlling current harmonics of different orders. This work investigates the current harmonic injection techniques for both isotropic and anisotropic machines. The propose... Read More about On Torque Improvement by Current Harmonic Injection in Isotropic and Anisotropic Multiphase Machines.