Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking

Haruna, Abubakar M; Meredith, Will; Snape, Colin E.

Abstract

The catalytic co-processing of bottom fuel oil (BFO) with refinery vacuum gas oil (VGO) using a commercial fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) zeolite equilibrium catalyst was carried out to ascertain its potential as a source for biofuels. The BFO used was the distillation residue from biodiesel transesterification process using waste fats and oil; being a mixture of saturated and unsaturated fatty acid methyl esters. The catalytic cracking experiments were performed in a laboratory fixed bed micro activity test (MAT) reactor at 516 °C and atmospheric pressure. As well as the VGO and BFO, three different blends were used with BFO to VGO mass ratios of 10:90, 20:80 and 50:50, and catalyst-to-oil (C/O) ratios of 3.0 – 5.7. The synergistic effect of BFO in VGO blends includes the yield of gasoline, and LPG being higher than predicted for the blends of 10 wt% BFO in VGO. Also, the formation of more CO2 with the increase in BFO blend level suggests CO2 production through decarboxylation reactions as a possible route. The compositions of the produced gasoline for pure VGO and 10 wt% BFO are similar as well. The cracking of 10 wt% BFO gives a higher fraction of aromatics, alkenes and naphthenes than other blends. However, some deterioration was observed when higher substitution levels of BFO were used, resulting in a decrease in the gasoline yield and higher yields of LCO, HCO and coke as predicted. Overall, co-processing BFO with VGO may be economically attractive because the BFO is obtained from waste oils and fats which are one of the under-exploited sources of biodiesel feedstocks and add value to waste management.

Citation

Haruna, A. M., Meredith, W., & Snape, C. E. (2022). Synergistic effect in co-processing a residue from a transesterification process with vacuum gas oil in fluid catalytic cracking. Fuel, 327, Article 124973. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124973

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Jun 19, 2022
• Online Publication Date: Jul 2, 2022
• Publication Date: Nov 1, 2022
• Deposit Date: Aug 25, 2022
• Publicly Available Date: Aug 25, 2022
• Journal: Fuel
• Print ISSN: 0016-2361
• Publisher: Elsevier BV
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 327
• Article Number: 124973
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2022.124973
• Keywords: Organic Chemistry; Energy Engineering and Power Technology; Fuel Technology; General Chemical Engineering
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/8956363
• Publisher URL: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236122018154?via%3Dihub