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Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial.

Liu, Xinxue; Munro, Alasdair P S; Feng, Shuo; Janani, Leila; Aley, Parvinder K; Babbage, Gavin; Baxter, David; Bula, Marcin; Cathie, Katrina; Chatterjee, Krishna; Dejnirattisai, Wanwisa; Dodd, Kate; Enever, Yvanne; Qureshi, Ehsaan; Goodman, Anna L.; Green, Christopher A; Harndahl, Linda; Haughney, John; Hicks, Alexander; van der Klaauw, Agatha A.; Kwok, Jonathan; Libri, Vincenzo; Llewelyn, Martin J.; McGregor, Alastair C; Minassian, Angela M.; Moore, Patrick; Mughal, Mehmood; Mujadidi, Yama F; Holliday, Kyra; Osanlou, Orod; Osanlou, Rostam; Owens, Daniel R; Pacurar, Mihaela; Palfreeman, Adrian; Pan, Daniel; Rampling, Tommy; Regan, Karen; Saich, Stephen; Serafimova, Teona; Saralaya, Dinesh; Screaton, Gavin R; Sharma, Sunil; Sheridan, Ray; Sturdy, Ann; Supasa, Piyada; Thomson, Emma C; Todd, Shirley; Twelves, Chris; Read, Robert C.; Charlton, Sue; Hallis, Bassam; Ramsay, Mary; Andrews, Nick; Lambe, Teresa; Nguyen-Van-Tam, Jonathan S.; Cornelius, Victoria; Snape, Matthew D; Faust, Saul N.;...

Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial. Thumbnail


Authors

Xinxue Liu

Alasdair P S Munro

Shuo Feng

Leila Janani

Parvinder K Aley

Gavin Babbage

David Baxter

Marcin Bula

Katrina Cathie

Krishna Chatterjee

Wanwisa Dejnirattisai

Kate Dodd

Yvanne Enever

Ehsaan Qureshi

Anna L. Goodman

Christopher A Green

Linda Harndahl

John Haughney

Alexander Hicks

Agatha A. van der Klaauw

Jonathan Kwok

Vincenzo Libri

Martin J. Llewelyn

Alastair C McGregor

Angela M. Minassian

Patrick Moore

Mehmood Mughal

Yama F Mujadidi

Kyra Holliday

Orod Osanlou

Rostam Osanlou

Daniel R Owens

Mihaela Pacurar

Adrian Palfreeman

Daniel Pan

Tommy Rampling

Karen Regan

Stephen Saich

Teona Serafimova

Dinesh Saralaya

Gavin R Screaton

Sunil Sharma

Ray Sheridan

Ann Sturdy

Piyada Supasa

Emma C Thomson

Shirley Todd

Chris Twelves

Robert C. Read

Sue Charlton

Bassam Hallis

Mary Ramsay

Nick Andrews

Teresa Lambe

Victoria Cornelius

Matthew D Snape

Saul N. Faust

the COV-BOOST study group



Abstract

Objectives: To evaluate the persistence of immunogenicity three months after third dose boosters. Methods: COV-BOOST is a multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 2 trial of seven COVID-19 vaccines used as a third booster dose. The analysis was conducted using all randomised participants who were SARS-CoV-2 naïve during the study. Results: Amongst the 2883 participants randomised, there were 2422 SARS-CoV-2 naïve participants until D84 visit included in the analysis with median age of 70 (IQR: 30–94) years. In the participants who had two initial doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 (Oxford-AstraZeneca; hereafter referred to as ChAd), schedules using mRNA vaccines as third dose have the highest anti-spike IgG at D84 (e.g. geometric mean concentration of 8674 ELU/ml (95% CI: 7461–10,085) following ChAd/ChAd/BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNtech, hearafter referred to as BNT)). However, in people who had two initial doses of BNT there was no significant difference at D84 in people given ChAd versus BNT (geometric mean ratio (GMR) of 0.95 (95%CI: 0.78, 1.15). Also, people given Ad26.COV2.S (Janssen; hereafter referred to as Ad26) as a third dose had significantly higher anti-spike IgG at D84 than BNT (GMR of 1.20, 95%CI: 1.01,1.43). Responses at D84 between people who received BNT (15 μg) or BNT (30 μg) after ChAd/ChAd or BNT/BNT were similar, with anti-spike IgG GMRs of half-BNT (15 μg) versus BNT (30 μg) ranging between 0.74–0.86. The decay rate of cellular responses were similar between all the vaccine schedules and doses. Conclusions: 84 days after a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine the decay rates of humoral response were different between vaccines. Adenoviral vector vaccine anti-spike IgG concentrations at D84 following BNT/BNT initial doses were similar to or even higher than for a three dose (BNT/BNT/BNT) schedule. Half dose BNT immune responses were similar to full dose responses. While high antibody tires are desirable in situations of high transmission of new variants of concern, the maintenance of immune responses that confer long-lasting protection against severe disease or death is also of critical importance. Policymakers may also consider adenoviral vector, fractional dose of mRNA, or other non-mRNA vaccines as third doses.

Citation

Liu, X., Munro, A. P. S., Feng, S., Janani, L., Aley, P. K., Babbage, G., …the COV-BOOST study group. (2022). Persistence of immunogenicity after seven COVID-19 vaccines given as third dose boosters following two doses of ChAdOx1 nCov-19 or BNT162b2 in the UK: Three month analyses of the COV-BOOST trial. Journal of Infection, 84(6), 795-813. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.018

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Apr 5, 2022
Online Publication Date Apr 8, 2022
Publication Date Apr 8, 2022
Deposit Date Apr 26, 2022
Publicly Available Date Apr 28, 2022
Journal Journal of Infection
Print ISSN 0163-4453
Electronic ISSN 1532-2742
Publisher Elsevier
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 84
Issue 6
Pages 795-813
DOI https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jinf.2022.04.018
Keywords COVID-19 vaccine; Third dose; Heterologous boost; Homologous boost; Fractional dose; Immunogenicity; Persistence
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/7834091
Publisher URL https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0163445322002006?via%3Dihub
Related Public URLs https://www.journalofinfection.com/article/S0163-4453(23)00198-6/fulltext

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