III-V semiconductor waveguides for photonic functionality at 780 nm

Maclean, Jessica O.; Greenaway, Mark T.; Campion, Richard P.; Pyragius, Tadas; Fromhold, T. Mark; Kent, Anthony J.; Mellor, Christopher J.

Abstract

Photonic integrated circuits based on III-V semiconductor polarization-maintaining waveguides were designed and fabricated for the first time for application in a compact cold-atom gravimeter1,2 at an operational wavelength of 780 nm. Compared with optical fiber-based components, semiconductor waveguides achieve very compact guiding of optical signals for both passive functions, such as splitting and recombining, and for active functions, such as switching or modulation. Quantum sensors, which have enhanced sensitivity to a physical parameter as a result of their quantum nature, can be made from quantum gases of ultra-cold atoms. A cloud of ultra-cold atoms may start to exhibit quantum-mechanical properties when it is trapped and cooled using laser cooling in a magneto-optical trap, to reach milli-Kelvin temperatures. The work presented here focuses on the design and fabrication of optical devices for a quantum sensor to measure the acceleration of gravity precisely and accurately. In this case the cloud of ultra-cold atoms consists of rubidium (87Rb) atoms and the sensor exploits the hyperfine structure of the D1 transition, from an outer electronic state of 5 2S ½ to 5 2P3/2 which has an energy of 1.589 eV or 780.241 nm. The short wavelength of operation of the devices dictated stringent requirements on the Molecular Beam Epitaxy (MBE) and device fabrication in terms of anisotropy and smoothness of plasma etch processes, cross-wafer uniformities and alignment tolerances. Initial measurements of the optical loss of the polarization-maintaining waveguide, assuming Fresnel reflection losses only at the facets, suggested a loss of 8 dB cm-1, a loss coefficient, α, of 1.9 (±0.3) cm-1.

Citation

Maclean, J. O., Greenaway, M. T., Campion, R. P., Pyragius, T., Fromhold, T. M., Kent, A. J., & Mellor, C. J. (2014). III-V semiconductor waveguides for photonic functionality at 780 nm. Proceedings of SPIE, 8988, Article 898805. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039898

• Presentation Conference Type: Conference Paper (published)
• Conference Name: SPIE OPTO
• Acceptance Date: Mar 8, 2014
• Publication Date: Mar 8, 2014
• Deposit Date: Jul 26, 2017
• Publicly Available Date: Jul 26, 2017
• Journal: Proceedings of SPIE
• Print ISSN: 0277-786X
• Electronic ISSN: 1996-756X
• Publisher: Society of Photo-optical Instrumentation Engineers
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 8988
• Article Number: 898805
• Book Title: Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XVIII
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2039898
• Keywords: Semiconductors ; Waveguides ; Chemical species ; Sensors ; Polarization ; Fabrication ; Molecular beam epitaxy ; Optical components ; Optical cooling ; Photonic integrated circuits
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/725476
• Publisher URL: http://proceedings.spiedigitallibrary.org/proceeding.aspx?articleid=1846365
• Additional Information: Jessica O. Maclean ; Mark T. Greenaway ; Richard P. Campion ; Tadas Pyragius ; T. Mark Fromhold, et al.; " III-V semiconductor waveguides for photonic functionality at 780 nm ", Proc. SPIE 8988, Integrated Optics: Devices, Materials, and Technologies XVIII, 898805 (March 8, 2014); doi:10.1117/12.2039898.; ; Copyright 2014. Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation ; Engineers. One print or electronic copy may be made for ; personal use only. Systematic reproduction and distribution, duplication of any material in this paper for a fee or for commercial purposes, or modification of the content of the paper are prohibited.
• Contract Date: Jul 26, 2017