Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: Nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases

Vinogradova, Yana; Dening, Tom; Hippisley-Cox, Julia; Taylor, Lauren; Moore, Michael; Coupland, Carol

Abstract

Objective To assess the risks of developing dementia associated with different types and durations of menopausal hormone therapy. Design Two nested case-control studies. Setting UK general practices contributing to QResearch or the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD), using all links to hospital, mortality, and social deprivation data. Participants 118 501 women aged 55 and older with a primary diagnosis of dementia between 1998 and 2020, matched by age, general practice, and index date to 497 416 female controls. Main outcome measures Dementia diagnoses from general practice, mortality, and hospital records; odds ratios for menopausal hormone treatments adjusted for demographics, smoking status, alcohol consumption, comorbidities, family history, and other prescribed drugs. Results Overall, 16 291 (14%) women with a diagnosis of dementia and 68 726 (14%) controls had used menopausal hormone therapy more than three years before the index date. Overall, no increased risks of developing dementia associated with menopausal hormone therapy were observed. A decreased global risk of dementia was found among cases and controls younger than 80 years who had been taking oestrogen-only therapy for 10 years or more (adjusted odds ratio 0.85, 95% confidence interval 0.76 to 0.94). Increased risks of developing specifically Alzheimer's disease were found among women who had used oestrogen-progestogen therapy for between five and nine years (1.11, 1.04 to 1.20) and for 10 years or more (1.19, 1.06 to 1.33). This was equivalent to, respectively, five and seven extra cases per 10 000 woman years. Detailed risk associations for the specific progestogens studied are also provided. Conclusion This study gives estimates for risks of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease in women exposed to different types of menopausal hormone therapy for different durations and has shown no increased risks of developing dementia overall. It has shown a slightly increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease among long term users of oestrogen-progestogen therapies.

Citation

Vinogradova, Y., Dening, T., Hippisley-Cox, J., Taylor, L., Moore, M., & Coupland, C. (2021). Use of menopausal hormone therapy and risk of dementia: Nested case-control studies using QResearch and CPRD databases. BMJ, 374, Article n2182. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2182

• Journal Article Type: Article
• Acceptance Date: Aug 26, 2021
• Online Publication Date: Sep 29, 2021
• Publication Date: Sep 29, 2021
• Deposit Date: Sep 13, 2021
• Publicly Available Date: Sep 29, 2021
• Journal: The BMJ
• Electronic ISSN: 0959-8138
• Publisher: BMJ
• Peer Reviewed: Peer Reviewed
• Volume: 374
• Article Number: n2182
• DOI: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n2182
• Keywords: General Engineering
• Public URL: https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/6238446
• Publisher URL: https://www.bmj.com/content/374/bmj.n2182