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Integration of diverse DNA substrates by a casposase can be targeted to R-loops in vitro by its fusion to Cas9

Lau, Chun Hang; Bolt, Edward L.

Integration of diverse DNA substrates by a casposase can be targeted to R-loops in vitro by its fusion to Cas9 Thumbnail


Authors

Chun Hang Lau

ED BOLT ED.BOLT@NOTTINGHAM.AC.UK
Professor of Molecular Biology



Abstract

CRISPR systems build adaptive immunity against mobile genetic elements by DNA capture and integration catalysed by Cas1–Cas2 protein complexes. Recent studies suggested that CRISPR repeats and adaptation module originated from a novel type of DNA transposons called casposons. Casposons encode a Cas1 homologue called casposase that alone integrates into target molecules single and double-stranded DNA containing terminal inverted repeats (TIRs) from casposons. A recent study showed Methanosarcina mazei casposase is able to integrate random DNA oligonucleotides, followed up in this work using Acidoprofundum boonei casposase, from which we also observe promiscuous substrate integration. Here we first show that the substrate flexibility of Acidoprofundum boonei casposase extends to random integration of DNA without TIRs, including integration of a functional gene. We then used this to investigate targeting of the casposase-catalysed DNA integration reactions to specific DNA sites that would allow insertion of defined DNA payloads. Casposase–Cas9 fusions were engineered that were catalytically proficient in vitro and generated RNA-guided DNA integration products from short synthetic DNA or a gene, with or without TIRs. However, DNA integration could still occur unguided due to the competing background activity of the casposase moiety. Expression of Casposase-dCas9 in Escherichia coli cells effectively targeted chromosomal and plasmid lacZ revealed by reduced β-galactosidase activity but DNA integration was not detected. The promiscuous substrate integration properties of casposases make them potential DNA insertion tools. The Casposase–dCas9 fusion protein may serves as a prototype for development in genetic editing for DNA insertion that is independent of homology-directed DNA repair.

Citation

Lau, C. H., & Bolt, E. L. (2021). Integration of diverse DNA substrates by a casposase can be targeted to R-loops in vitro by its fusion to Cas9. Bioscience Reports, 41(1), Article BSR20203595. https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20203595

Journal Article Type Article
Acceptance Date Dec 14, 2020
Online Publication Date Jan 5, 2021
Publication Date Jan 29, 2021
Deposit Date Jan 9, 2021
Publicly Available Date Mar 29, 2024
Journal Bioscience Reports
Print ISSN 0144-8463
Electronic ISSN 1573-4935
Publisher Portland Press
Peer Reviewed Peer Reviewed
Volume 41
Issue 1
Article Number BSR20203595
DOI https://doi.org/10.1042/bsr20203595
Keywords Biophysics; Cell Biology; Biochemistry; Molecular Biology
Public URL https://nottingham-repository.worktribe.com/output/5207196
Publisher URL https://portlandpress.com/bioscirep/article/41/1/BSR20203595/227184/Integration-of-diverse-DNA-substrates-by-a

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